Abeka 11th grade American literature Quiz 15 Essay Example

Abeka 11th grade American literature Quiz 15 Paper Lew Wallace __________s most popular novel is Ben-Hur. naturalism A view of life which emphasizes a detached scientific and photographic accuracy which includes everything and selects nothing. Local color writing _________ is portraying in sketches and short stories the life of a particular geographical location. Bret Harte _________ was the first prose writer after the Civil War to gain popularly and became the leading local color writer of his day. Alma Way , Candace Whitcomb A Village Singer Simonides Ben-Hur Eliza Jane Dimmidge The Boom in the Calaveras Clarion Ralph Hartsook The Hoosier School-Master Jim Butler Under the Lions Paw

Immigration and Discrimination in the Workplace

Immigration and Discrimination in the Workplace In the 21st century, Americans have experienced the impact of a globalized economy. It can be seen in relatively easy movement of people from one country to another. In the past, immigration was seen as a positive force for nation building. However, nowadays, immigration has become a problematic issue, especially when viewed from the perspective of limited resources and job places. Another aspect of immigration that needs to be discussed is discrimination in the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration and Discrimination in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discrimination exists due to the stereotypes that employers and co-workers associate with a particular ethnic group. It is, therefore, important to appreciate the importance of immigrants in nation building, especially when it comes to the United States of America. The ability to see a big picture and the need to appreciate the contribut ion of immigrants to U.S. economy will reduce the incidences of discrimination in the workplace. There are two main issues when it comes to discrimination of immigrants in the workplace. First, there is the issue of competition and limited resources. The argument is that immigrants will compete with few jobs available to the unemployed. In other words, if the number of immigrants increases, there will be less jobs be available to the U.S. citizens. The source of discrimination was made even more problematic after the financial crisis that severely affected the job market in the United States. There was also the added challenge of outsourcing wherein American companies established businesses outside the country, especially in the countries with low wages. Therefore, many argued that it would not be wise to increase the number of immigrants because they would increase the competition in the jobs available in the market. As a consequence of this belief, the U.S. Federal government crea ted laws that significantly reduced the number of immigrants allowed to enter the country. At the same time, these laws gave the power to search for, apprehend and deport illegal immigrants. There is the need to find out if these fears are based on real facts. Those who oppose immigration base their argument on the following statement that â€Å"a surge of low-skilled immigrants should increase the supply of such workers, driving down wages at the expense of working-class Americans† (Parker, p.1). It is easy to understand why many Americans are anxious when it comes to the presence of immigrants that can be viewed as competitors, when it comes to the job market. However, it is much more important to see the whole picture and realize that immigrant workers are indispensable to the U.S. economy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to analysts, immigrant workers are important because â€Å"they do jobs most Americans wouldn’t take, for wages they wouldn’t want† (Quintanilla, p.1). A restaurant may not be able to operate without a chef, but it will also go out of business without a dishwasher. Furthermore, â€Å"lower-wage labor helps create more work for higher-skilled, higher-paid workers who are generally native born† (Isidore, p.1). The report from the U.S. Department of Labor gives another proof because it says that â€Å"at least half of the nearly 2 million crop workers in the United States are illegal aliens †¦ the cheap labor they provide is crucial to the $30 billion U.S. farm industry† (Parker, p.1). It is, therefore, critical to have immigrant workers. The second issue raised when it comes to stereotypes and how they can affect the employment is discrimination in the workplace. According to the study by Paludi DeSouza, the problem is widespread, â€Å"Discrimination based on ethni c stereotyping is normative for many employees in workplaces in the United States (p.88). Therefore, at this level, discrimination can negatively affect the chances an employer will hire an immigrant. It is possible that employers can be compelled to hire immigrants because of immigration laws, but this does not mean that discrimination in the workplace is non-existent. There is a different type of discrimination that an immigrant may experience at the workplace. Consider the following statement by a victim of this type of discrimination, â€Å"When a stereotype about your group is relevant to performance in a particular domain, you are likely to experience anxiety – from feeling threatened by the perceived likelihood that others think you will not succeed and fearing that you will confirm these beliefs† (Deaux, p.84). In other words, an immigrant is less likely to be promoted if there is discrimination in the workplace. There is a need to eradicate discrimination beca use immigrants are also people that are simply driven by a common human desire and the need to pursue happiness. Therefore, if there is a political or economic problem in their homeland, it is their right to seek a better place to live in. If there is a famine in their homeland, it is natural that they go to other countries in search for better opportunities and future for their family. It is also understandable that they are eager to bring the whole family to a new country in order to build a better life. The right to immigrate can be availed during times of war, famine, and political persecution (Clark, p.26). However, the United States limits the number of immigrants that can enter and settle in this country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration and Discrimination in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, U.S. laws granted certain law enforcement agencies to track down and apprehend th ose who do not have the necessary documents to stay in the country. However, the worst thing is that immigrants are treated as if they are not humans. Therefore, the locals and authorities do not respect them in the same way that they respect their friends and relatives. Another major reason why it is wrong to prevent the immigration of people can be seen in the economic and cultural benefits that diversity can bring (Hall, p.54). Consider, for instance, the contribution of the first wave of immigrants to the United States; these were Italians, Irish, Scots and others. According to the study by Hall who examined the contribution of Italian immigrants, â€Å"These people were, on the whole, peaceable and industrious, and improved the trades in which they engaged† ( p.55). A review of American history reveals that there were many immigrants who were instrumental in revolutionizing different sectors of society. Their contributions had a considerable impact on sports, film, food, telecommunications, Information Technology, engineering, and other spheres. Without their contribution, it would be impossible to imagine how the United States would have gained its status. Creation of Policies The first step in the journey towards the reduction of discrimination in the workplace is to have a clear understanding of the contribution of immigrants to the economy. The second step is to create appropriate laws and be aware of existing laws that were created to protect the rights of immigrant workers. For example, employers must realize that there exists an Immigration Act and in the said law, which states that it is illegal for an employer with three or more employees to: discriminate in hiring and firing workers, except for illegal aliens; discriminate on the basis of the person’s citizenship; retaliate against employees because they made a complaint based on immigration laws (Repa, p.478). After studying immigration laws, the next thing to do is to develop p olicies with regard to diversity in the workplace. The creation of such a policy is only possible if the employers and the co-workers understand the value of diversity in the workplace within a particular organization. Consider, for example, a scenario where there was an automotive dealership in the city where there were many Spanish and Chinese speaking people. In the said scenario, the corporate leaders of the said automotive dealership did not create a diversified team of sales representatives and supervisors. The corporate leaders did not probably realize the existence of potential customers that could not properly communicate using the English language. As a result, the potential customers are unable to express what they want.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the same time, the businesses in the area could not communicate what they were offering to their clients because of the language barrier. The solution to this problem would be the creation of a diversified team. A creation of a diversified team is only possible if there is a policy that allows the employers to hire Spanish and Chinese speaking sales representatives. It is not an easy task to create and develop a diversified workforce. The employers and the workers have to deal with discrimination as well as conflicts that may arise due to differences in culture. However, managers of organizations are aware of the potential of a diversified workforce to increase their revenue. It is, therefore, important to study the benefits of diversity and appreciate the contribution of immigrant workers to the society. Conclusion As mentioned earlier, discrimination is a normal reaction because people tend to have a negative perception of other individuals who came from a different country and have different culture. In other words, it is easy to judge something that a person cannot understand. Discrimination is also rooted in misunderstanding and fears. For example, many Americans are anxious that the migrant workers are taking away their jobs. However, it has been made clear that many of the immigrants in America are low-skilled workers able to do only the jobs that many Americans would not handle anyway, such as dishwashing, gardening, fruit picking. On the other hand, some immigrant workers are highly skilled and contribute to the growth of the economy. In fact, the United States achieved its progress because of the contribution of immigrants. It is, therefore, important to be aware of the importance of immigrant workers. At the same time, it is also important to be aware of current immigration laws. Furthermore, there is also the need to develop a policy with regard to diversity in the workplace. The creation of a diversified team will create a competitive advantage for the employers. For example, if a business unit does not have a Chinese-speaking representative, it will be impossible to communicate to Chinese-speaking customers. Clark, William. Immigrants and the American Dream: Remaking the Middle Class. New York: The Guilford Press, 2003. Print. Deaux, Kaye. To be an Immigrant. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006. Print. Hall, Prescott. Immigration and Its Effects Upon the United States.  New York: Adamant Media Corporation, 2005. Print. Isidore, Chris. 2006. Illegal Workers: Good for U.S. Economy. Web. Parker, Serena. 2005. Immigrants: US Economic Savior or Social and Economic  Burden. Web. Paludi, Michele, and Eros DeSouza. Praeger Handbook of Understanding and  Preventing Workplace Discrimination. CA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. Print. Quintanilla, Carl. 2006. The Economic Impact of Immigration: Do Illegal Workers  Help or Hurt the Economy? Web. Repa, Barbara. Your Rights in the Workplace. CA: NOLO Publishing, 2010. Print.

The Lawrence Sports Simulation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Lawrence Sports Simulation - Research Paper Example There must be: three alternative working capital policies which reduce future difficulties; a recommendation on policy and an evaluation of risk associated with the recommendation; contingencies for the recommendation; performance measures used to evaluate the recommendation; an implementation plan for the recommendation; a discussion and explanation of the recommendation; a review of the cash conversion cycle for Lawrence Sports; an explanation of the importance of the cash conversion cycle to its working capital management; and a conclusion. II. Three Alternative Working Capital Policies Which Reduce Future Difficulties There are three working capital policies which have to be put in place in order to reduce future difficulties as a company. First and foremost, Lawrence Sports must realize that it can’t make more payments than purchases—as it started to do the week of March 31st—and expect to make a profit. Therefore, the company must make a policy to ensure th at it is always taking in more money than it is spending. The second thing that Lawrence Sports must do is ensure that all of its vendors are paid in full without leaving capital build up in order to pay off its debts. For example, it was mentioned that Gartner was paid off 40% upfront, and then 60% in the next week. This should not be so. Debts should be paid off quickly and not be allowed to pile up. The same thing happened with Murray, when 15% was paid immediately, with 85% to be paid in the next week—where payments started taking over purchases also during the week starting March 31st. Third, what is most important is that Lawrence try to have a cash inflow total that is at least anywhere from 25 to 50% greater than its outflow. This is just to ensure that the cash inflow does not get too far below so that outflow is not greater, and is a safety measure. III. Recommendation A. The Recommendation on Policy Itself and An Evaluation of Risk Associated With the Recommendatio n The recommendation made to Lawrence Sports is to do some cash flow analysis—and to emphasize simply having greater cash flow coming in than going out. According to Grier (2007), â€Å"Cash, not earnings, allows a business entity to meet its financial obligations. Indeed, assessing the amounts, timing and uncertainty of cash flows is one of the basic objectives of financial reporting and analysis† (pp. 47). This policy will help the company stay solvent. However, this also means that the company has to pay its debts off quickly to these outsourced businesses which provide its products. According to Kakkar (2009), â€Å"[One should] [r]educe credit allowances and accelerate cash receipts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 234). By reducing the amount of credit used and upping the cash receipts for accounts receivable, this will increase the cash inflow and minimize the risk of coming in below the 25% profit margin that was discussed as one section of the three policy alternatives for the company. This is why cash flow is so important. According to Fight (2005), â€Å"Analysis of cash flow, then, cannot merely isolate debt capacity but must also consider all the factors producing major changes in cash inflows and outflows† (pp. 6). Of course, the risk is that by focusing too much on cash flow, the company will neglect other areas. However, this issue is so important because it is what will make or break the company—eventually—is whether or not its ledgers are balanced. B. Contingencies For

High Level business architecture Research Paper

High Level business architecture - Research Paper Example Precisely, high level business needs describe what should be done by a system or any other business solution. For the case of Adopt-A-Farm, it is clear that the company needs to have an online system for collecting their customer and partner views about their experiences in volunteer harvesting and as well list the stories and other help facilities for users of the system. The high level business requirements could therefore be seen as an indication of the reasons as to why a business undertakes an activity (Ross & Robertson, 2006). The requirements are documented as below; The objectives of the high level business requirements for Adopt-A-Farm are to come up with an online system which will increase user participation in the campaign on local farming and purchasing of food products as well as user participation in creation of awareness. It also focuses on having a system for direct user participation in forums and also in commenting about the advantages of local farming. The system should also reach as many people as possible around the globe for the sole reason of creating awareness across nations. The project focuses on listing the stories shared by users about their experiences with consumption of local products in the blog section. From this, users will have a wide variety of content to refer from to gain the taste and to understand the importance of consuming local products and thereafter participating in the campaign with an aim to carb the global warming menace. It also focuses on advising local farmers on the best practices and operations to carry on in their farms which reduce the chances of environmental degradation. Finally, the system will also focus on promoting volunteer harvesting through the creation of a forum for users to comment on their experiences in the exercise. This will be in a bid to encourage people to participate in such exercises whenever they could be having a chance to. Lastly, it is clear that high

Finance Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance Principles - Essay Example An investor will thus, take care of the rate of return to expect and the risk level exposed in the capital market in making a decision on stock and bond allocation. Equity and bond portfolio investment in U.S capital market: Equity investment; An equity investment is supposed to provide long term value growth and the possibility of dividend income. The value of shares can at some time become volatile by being either declining or a rising trend in the overall market period. The stock market index in U.S has being declining in the recent past due to the financial wrangles being witnessed in Europe. The future economic growth of the country is promising to be positive which is a clear picture that in future the prices of the stock will raise. Thus, as a fund manager the current stock prices are in the best lowest prices when I should consider buying for future profit making from sale of the shares in the future. Also, with an economic growth prospects the shares are likely to generate d ividends which will be of benefit to the investor’s economic potential. Bond investment; A bond investment represents a fixed income investment because it attracts a fixed rate of interest and a known maturity time4. The value of a bond investment is determined by the movement of the market interest rates. If the interest rates are high, the price of the bond is low and at the time when the rates of interest are low, the bond price will be high. The interest level of a bond represents the risk level of a bond. The bond market in U.S assessment shows a challenge to fixed income investors because of the way it is associated to the European market which is facing a debt crisis5. This is because the performance of the bond in U.S capital market in the time to approach is likely to be determined by how the events will unfold in Europe6. There has being development of discouraging news from the European market of possible government default in paying back loans, bank crisis and the possibility of euro break up. This has lead to investors demanding a flight to quality on U.S treasury bonds and a poor performance on high yield bonds and emerging debt markets. The flight to quality response by the investors has resulted to the fall of 10- year note to record lows of 2011 with its price rising. This mean of seeking safety has outweighed prospects of earning meaningful long term returns7. Investing in U.S treasury is thus, pegged on a deteriorating of the European market. The expected economic growth in 2012 poses a risk to treasury bonds due to the inflation uptick that may rise which has a negative effect on bond prices. Investing in high yield bonds currently has an unknown future interest earning due to the debt crisis in Europe which can only get better if the crisis are solved to the fullest. Asset allocation; As an investor deciding to invest in the equity and bond market in the American market, the return level and risks associated with two assets due to t he global economic events needs to be allocated with care. From the assessment of the two assets investment opportunities, investing in the stock market is more favorable to an investor than in the bond market for future returns of the investment8. Market performance of any asset has usually being uncertain towards how in future the returns from the assets investment will perform9. This means that an investor has to come up with a portfolio arrangement that will try to caution massive losses from investing in only one asset that seem to have positive future returns. The portfolio investment need to allocate much percentage to an asset that has

Difference Between Data Warehousing And Data Mining Information Technology Essay

Difference Between Data Warehousing And Data Mining Information Technology Essay The information systems (IS) field is terms of key development can be called data warehousing in database environtment. Different organizations receiving different significant returns than others because its benefits are plentiful. The organization will have different types of returns in the impact of data warehousing . Each company can be tie the benefit to the way in which it conforms to the framework as it shows in the analysis . We will see how dan organization can be transformed by data warehouse, Analysis also showing the explaination of differences in impact. A large manufacturing company (LMC) involving case study of data warehousing, a financial services company (FSC) are presented and discussed within the context of the framework and the Internal Revenue Service. Keywords : Multidimensional modelling; Conceptual modelling; Time-series; Data warehouses; Data-mining Introduction Data warehouses are becoming part of the technology. Data warehouses are used to consolidate data located in disparate databases. A data warehouse stores large quantities of data by specific categories so it can be more easily retrieved, interpreted, and sorted by users. Warehouses enable executives and managers to work with vast stores of transactional or other data to respond faster to markets and make more informed business decisions. It has been predicted that every business will have a data warehouse within ten years. But merely storing data in a data warehouse does a company little good. Companies will want to learn more about that data to improve knowledge of customers and markets. The company benefits when meaningful trends and patterns are extracted from the data. Data mining, or knowledge discovery, is the computer-assisted process of digging through and analyzing enormous sets of data and then extracting the meaning of the data. Data mining tools predict behaviors and futu re trends, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. Data mining tools can answer business questions that traditionally were too time consuming to resolve. They scour databases for hidden patterns, finding predictive information that experts may miss because it lies outside their expectations. Data mining derives its name from the similarities between searching for valuable information in a large database and mining a mountain for a vein of valuable ore. Both processes require either sifting through an immense amount of material, or intelligently probing it to find where the value resides. What is Data Warehousing Data warehousing is a collection of decision support technologies that enable the knowledge worker, the statistician, the business manager and theexecutive in processing the information contained in a data warehouse meaningfully and make well informed decisions based on outputs. The Data warehousing system includes backend tools for extracting, cleaning and loading data from Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) Databases and historical repositories of data. It also consists of the Data storage areacomposed of the Data warehouse, the data marts and the Data store. It also provides for tools like OLAP for organizing, partitioning and summarizing data in the data warehouse and data marts and finally contains front end tools for mining, quering, reporting on data. It is important to distinguish between a Data warehouse and Data warehousing. A Data warehouse is a component of the data warehousing system. It is a facility that provides for a consolidated, flexible and accessible collection of data for end user reporting and analysis. A data warehouse has been defined by Inmom (considered one of the founders of the Data warehouse concept) as a subject-oriented, integrated, time-varying, non-volatile collection of data that is primarily used in organizational decision making. The data in a data warehouse is categorized on the basis of the subject area and hence it is subject oriented Universal naming conventions, measurements, classifications and so on used in the data warehouse, provide an enterprise consolidated view of data and therefore it is designated as integrated. The data once loaded can only be read. Users cannot make changes to the data and this makes it non-volatile. Finally data is stored for long periods of time quantified in years and bears a time and date stamp and therefore it is described as time variant. The format of data collected are not always the same eventhough each of these systems collect data . So, the combination of all these data from all sorts sources that combined together to form a single data and the combination of database forming a single homogenous form is what we called data warehousing. The data is not only subject-oriented and integrated but also time-variant and non-volatile collection of data to support management in making decision. 1) Time-variant that In order to make the reports that go in propotional with time , the data ware house that has been changed should be tracked and recorded. 2) Non-volatile Data warehouse is never deleted, so that data is read only and static and will be used for future reporting 3) Integrated Data is consistence and is representing all operational system. Data management and data retrieval are the proess that can define data warehousing. An organizations can integrate their various databases into data warehouses using process different capabilities and culturesThe idea of maintaining central data is brought by data warehouse. Although the concept itself has been around for years, like data mining data warehousing, is a relatively new term. Data Warehouse Design There are two different ways of Data Warehouse design; Ralph Kimball and Bill Inmons model. In Inmons architecture, before data being transferred to the data marts, data from OLTP database is firstly stored in a warehouse. In Inmons model view,tThe data warehouse is a real database. Kimballs architecture using OLTP database shows that data is transferrefed directly to the data mart. Based on the picture above, a collection of integrated data marts will form the data warehouse. What is Data Mining? Data or knowledge discovery or generally called Data mining. It is the process of getting data from different resources and turn them into information that can be useful for organization One example of tools to analyze is analyzing data using data mining software. Data from many different sources and with different uses and characters will be analyze by users. So, technically, data mining the process of finding correlations of fields in large relational databases. In general, data mining is the process of making data usefull after analyze it from different kind of information environment and turn into vary kind of useful information. . Data from many different dimensions or angles can be analyzed by users and then be summarized into the relationships . On the other hand, the process of finding or different in data mining is not an easy process and do need different process and analyze. There are five major elements in data mining : Data can be presented in graph or table and other formats. Data transaction is loaded onto the data warehouse system. Data is stored and managed in a multidimensional database system. Application software can be used to analyze and intrepenting data Information professinals especially who are involve in business world can access the provided data. Continuous Innovation The technology is not new nowdays eventhough data mining is a quite new. Take this case for example, One Midwest grecory is using Oracle software to look and search about the buying patterns of local. It has been discovered that whenever men bought cigarettes on Saturdays and Thursdays, they also want to buy beer. Then it also showed that Saturday is the day when these shoppers typically did their weekly grocery. However, they only bought a few items on Saturdays. It is concluded by the retailer that the reason they purchased the beer is to have it for the weekends ahead.. Furthermore, they have to make sure that the price are full for cigarettes and beer on Thursdays. What can data mining do? Here are the focus among a costumers retail, financial, communication, and marketing organizations which are data mining that been used by a company especially for the basic data. Product, the condition of product and the day of business can be some internal factors for this. Other than that the perfomance on sales, customer rights satisfaction, also profits for organizations can also determined by companies. Finally, transactional data can be viewed with details from the summary information. The development of products and promotion is also important to appeal to specific customer segments by getting demographic data from comments or even warranty cards provided by company. In order to transform supplier relationships. Applications of Data Mining The basic of data mining has been involved in many fields such as business, scientific research, banking sector and many more . All of these fields have been using data mining. Now its use is easier compare to what it was.. These tools can be used practically to carry out complex data mining techniques and get ease with it.. In order to do improve marketing field of and organization and try to understand its clients buying patterns, Data Mining is used by businesses. Data mining is used more widely than ever before because of expanding variety of tools and softwares in new era like it is today.. Intelligence agencies like FBI and CIA also use data mining for identifying terrorisms threats or even after the incident of 9/11 in America. It is really important to uncover terrorist plots. However the people concerned as data collected for such works will invade many peoples privacy.. Banking sector also using data mining for credit card problem detection and anything relation to credit c ard crime as what is happening now days. . It is also can reduce the risk of any credit card problem among their customers, especially to identify potetntial costumers and to state wether loan can be able to approve to any customers. Steps of Data Mining From the picture, we can see the step of data mining Data Integration: All the different sources contribute data which are collected and integrated. Data Selection: We have to select data and make sure that it is usefull for data mining. Data Cleaning: The data collected may not all correct and need to be checked again before being used to avoid data errors and uncertain problem. Data Transformation: Eventhough the data has been cleaned, to have data ready for mining, we still have to do something and transform data into the right form so that mining process will not be any problem. Many techniques can be used to complete data transformation suck as like smoothing, aggregation, normalization techniques. Data Mining: Techniques like clustering and association analysis are used among the many different techniques used for data mining only when we are ready to apply data mining techniques on the data to discover the interesting patterns. Pattern Evaluation and Knowledge Presentation: Transformation, visualization, removing redundant patterns are steps from the patterns we have generated. Decisions / Use of Discovered Knowledge. In order to make use of the knowledge which acquired to take better decisions, this step helps. Difference between Data Warehousing and Data Mining Data warehousing can be define as the inntegration and combination of data from different sources and various of format into a single form or a single schema. Huge amount of data can be provided by data warehousing with a storage mechanism. Meanwhile, The Enterprise has been provided with a memory by Data Warehousing and intelligenge is provided by data mining . So, the discovery of useful patterns can be done using the of data mining techniques on the data warehouse. Data Mining Tools In order to build companys own custom mining solution, they have to purchase mining programs. This program is designed for existing software and hardware platforms and the program can be integrated into new products and systems. For example in order to give the mined data more value, the organization has to determine data mining output into another output such as ware house as a neural network which is said quite common . This is because, , the data mining tool will gather the data if the other program makes decisions based on the data that has been collected. In the market place they are a lot of data minings that come in different model and tools or tecniques. Each with their own strengths and weaknesses. A right kind of data mining is really important to any organization because if the organization buys a wrong data mining and its nothing to do with their business goal, data mining will be useless. This is a really important consider especially for organizations which are going to expand. These three categories are the classification of most data mining tools: Dashboards. Is used to monitor information in a database and is installed in computer, dashboards reflect updates onscreen and data changes always wether in charts or in tables so that the user can see how the business is performing and working. Traditional Data Mining Tools. Data mining programs will be used in organization and the effect of it will be securely seen.. In order to monitor the data and highlight trends and others capture information residing outside a database. You can even see some of thiese tools on the desktop. Text-mining Tools. The ability to work as PDF and ability to analyze data and can be used in various kind of data processing from hard text to simple words. These tools can be used to scan content. There are a lot of unstructured scanned content for example information is scattered almost randomly across the document, audio or video data or internet based data or structured for example the datas form and purpose is known, we can say database content.. A wealth of information can be provided for organizations by capturing these inputs that can be mined to discover all kinds of concepts and trends or any other data processing in another environment. The Benefits of Data mining/ Data warehouse To Organization. By using Data warehouses business executives can look at the company as a whole unit. There must be reasons on spending so much money by many corporations to implement data instead of looking at an organization in terms of the departments that it comprises. . Data warehouses also use their ability to handle a lot of tasks in an organization involving many different departments. In order to make sure that every transaction will be made in certain time frame, the good transaction system will be set up by every organization The biggest problem with report and queries is the transaction can not be made in time frame and then will be late to be compiled. On top of that and in order to overcome the problem, many companies are working to come out with a good data warehouse and hopefully can be able to settle down any problems regarding transactions. Another benefit from data warehouse is the uses of data model for any queries regarding transactions and the outcome is really convincing.. Models for queries are really important especially to come out with good reports. Eventhough transaction processing system doesnt really need this but the implementing of a good model can help the company. Anyway, wrong modeling methods can slow down the process of transactions. Eventhough transaction process has to be at speed by the server units, but at the same time, they will slow down the process of query. Queries of data can be made using data ware house and this is one of the reason why it is very efficient. Anyway, a big number of transaction system can lead to big transaction system. So, the company always has to get ready to come out with different data warehouse or even worse, different models of processing. The combination of every departments in a company is really important in order to overcome any problems regarding processing and transaction of data. The Benefits of Data Mining Data mining allows companies to exploit information and use this to obtain competitiveadvantage. Data mining helps identify trends such as: why customers buy certain products ideas for very direct marketing ideas for shelf placement training of employees vs. employee retention employee benefits vs. employee retention Conclusion In order to discover trends and patterns in temporary data, we use time-series analysis as a powerful technique . Not only their management is expensive but these data also are also low-level of abstraction. Two main problems are always been faced by most analyst. First, to clean of the huge amount of potentially-analysable data and second to correct the definition of the data-mining algorithms to be employed. Data warehouses has been proved to be a powerful repository of historical data since their appearance especially for data-mining . In addition, their modelling paradigm for example multidimensional modelling, is not any different to the problem domain. Anyway, a coherent conceptual modelling framework for data-mining assures is believed as a better and easier knowledge-discovery process on top rank of data warehouses.

International Politics :: essays research papers

Political Science to me is something of a cycle, which is attached to the world’s history and is an ever-changing science of communication at a state and national level. This cyclical process is also attached to my personal adoption of political ideologies, i.e., as times change, as well as my surrounding environment, as an individual, I am forced to adapt to my surroundings, rather than a rock smashing through stubbornly regardless of the damage it may cause to all parties. I am not talking of conformism, rather the adoption to my political and social surroundings that would best serve in the interests and security of the community at large. To provide the reader of a greater understanding to this ideology perhaps entails that I give a small personal example. I come from a diverse background that allows me to understand history and politics from many perspectives and which has made me less biased than the average man. Born in England, to a Turkish Father and a British Mother, and having lived in England, Turkey, as well as Canada has broadened my vision of the world to a great extent. This is of course excluding the many political conferences that I have attended and the many countries I have visited around the world. An example of an assignment which required the utmost patience and the most open of minds was at a Model UN conference in Philadelphia I was assigned to represent Greece on the issue of Cyprus, being part Turkish one can understand what open mindedness that took. To do such a thing required the total adoption of what is the opposite of my historical perspective. However in doing so, this has brought me an understanding of international relations, conflict and interests. This brings me to the ideology that I believe is most prevalent in the worlds state system of today’s Realism. Many people view this ideology as a somewhat pessimistic view of the world and tend to believe in greater harmony and cooperation. These tend to be the idealists known to us as the Social Democrats of Europe, the Liberals in Canada, and the Democrats in the United States. Realism at this time and point of history seems to be the actual way that things are going amongst states. Alliances (rather than friendships) are formed and balances are created. These Alliances are not there for anything more than security and self-benefit, of course the other half of an alliance definitely must fulfill its interests as well or else no alliance would be possible.

Politics in Education

Politics in Education Can education exist without politics? The answer is simply put no. While many would love to see the political scene leave education, it is inherent that the two remain together. The key is how they work together in the best interest of the students. Public schools are responsible for two precious entities- children and tax dollars (Farmer, 2012). This is one of the reasons that â€Å"today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments† (Brown v. Board of education, 1954).While we are progressively seeing federal mandates in education more now than ever, it is mainly the state and local levels where politics are inseparable (Farmer, 2012). Since education is highly imperative to the future of our country, it is and will always be subject to political scrutiny. From the beginning, a well educated American was deemed necessary to protect independence and the general welfare of the citizens (League of Women Voters, 2011). It has been stated this type of citizen will â€Å"rule themselves through elected officials† (Brademas).Education, especially higher education, at one point was considered a luxury; however, in today’s world a â€Å"high-quality† education often including the collegiate level is believed to be both a â€Å"universal right and a necessity for individual welfare† (Farmer, 2012). For this reason education will remain important topic of political debates between politicians as well as local townspeople. Politics in education goes dates as far back as the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.Federal support was given at this time and later in 1841 with the Land Grand Act in the form of land designated for a system of public education to be established. During this time the federal government began to grant money. This money was often used to clean up from war expenses; however, some funds were used for education even though congress did no t stipulate that such funds could be used for education (League of Women Voters, Oct. 2011). It is well aware this funding continues today although the state and local government share the majority of the responsibility.In 1791, the 10th Amendment guaranteed rights to all citizens by stating â€Å"the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. † This amendment entrusted authority over education to the states by having state constitutions assign specific responsibility and legal authority for public education (Usdan, M. , McCloud, B. , Podmostko, M. , and Cuban, L. , 2001). Today, state and local revenue fund approximately 87% of the money for elementary and secondary education.It is estimated that only 10% comes from federal funding (The Federal Role in Education). In 1867, the original Department of Education was established to collect data on schools and teachi ng in order to help create an effective school system (League of Women Voters, 2011). One major turning point for federal education was the GI bill of 1944. The government allotted for nearly eight million World War II veterans to have education assistance to attend college. Until this point, the federal government basically only did research and created policies for an effective system.Financing of education was not highly supported through the department. Then in 1958, Congress passed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) in response to Russia’s Sputnik. This created money available to students willing to study in science, mathematics, and foreign languages (Dow, 1991). In 1965, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was created which included Title 1 funding to the disadvantaged. In 1983, A Nation at Risk was released calling for a refocus on an education reform in order to compete with other countries as it appeared that America was falling behind (Farmer, 2012).E ven though the Department of Education has grown drastically, their mission still remains â€Å"to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering education excellence and ensuring equal access† (Department of Education, 2012). Today, every educator is familiar with most of the current federal mandates including- No Child Left Behind (reauthorization of ESEA), Race to the Top, and common core standards. While most of the funding, administrating, and accountability falls on the state and local governments, these are all federal policies which are often the main topics in a political education debate.One must ask why the federal government has most of the control over our educational system if it is primarily funded by state and local governments. Is it possible that different areas with different demographics might need a different policy than that mandate from federal level. Being successful is teaching the students in the best possible env ironment and demonstrating success through achievement. What works in one small town may not work in the next small or large town. Why, then, does the federal government upport equality by mandating yet not funding criteria. One thing does remain true- all of these do have a common census-equality in education for each student. The debate question that rises: â€Å"is equality for everyone possible? † Under President George W. Bush, No Child Left Behind was designed to â€Å"close achievement gaps, particularly for minority children† (League of Women, 2011). It was set that by year 2014, 95% of students would be meeting state standards in reading and math.Many educators, politicians, and citizens argued that this was an unrealistic goal which would in return be punishing or threatening the low-performing schools. Under this law, parents could be given a voucher to send their child to a different higher performing school. Although every educator had to obtain â€Å"hig hly qualified† status, teachers working at the schools deemed needing improvement often had negative feelings toward their job and thus the students suffered (League of Women Voters, 2011). Race to the Top was signed into law by the current President Barack Obama in 2009.This federal mandate came with promises of funding, and as everyone knows â€Å"money speaks volumes. † This approach would award funds to states who would meet the necessary requirements. Two of these requirements are (1) improve evaluations of teachers thus improving effectiveness based on students achievement (2) raising the limit of charter schools (League of Women Voters, 2011). Race to the Top has several supporters because it comes with necessary funding to move our current classrooms into the 21st century; however, it also comes with unrealistic research.Several argue that standardized testing is not a fair way to evaluate teacher performance. The most current federal request is the use of commo n vs. state standards The idea here is that not only will each child receive an equal education within their state, but they now will receive the same equal education within their country and hopefully one day within the nation. The use of common core standards allows children to master through higher order thinking within broad life skills instead of basic memorization of state specific standards.It opens up a new way of thinking for children and teachers. It also does create a more equal playing field as far as what children learn within their elementary and secondary education career. Most political debates in education often revolve around these federal policies, but even more often than that the main debate is: funding. Who is going to pay for education? The answer brings up the other highly political debate- us, the taxpayers. It is true that all three levels of government- federal, state, and local- contribute to education.States typically provide a little less than half, loc al governments about 44%, and the federal government only funds 10% . The interesting fact is that within the federal government’s10% it includes Title 1, NCLB, RttT, Special Education, child nutrition, and Head Start (Federal Education Budget, 2012). Also, overall the U. S. Department of Education accounts for less than 3% of the total federal budget (Federal Education Budget, 2012). As a nation, we must ask ourselves is the value of education really worth only 3% of the entire federal budget? Excellence is given symbolic prominence, but not sustained financial support† (Usdan, et al, 2001). The political debate is that most politicians will not support efforts to increase funding for education because it will raise taxes- something very few citizens support. However, if the federal government gives only 10%, the state of Tennessee is left with majority of the responsibility to fund education in order for it to succeed. States rely mainly on income and sales tax to fun d elementary and secondary education. It is the legislature who determines the level and distribution of the funding.Tennessee uses the Basic Education Program (BEP) in order to determine the cost specifications for each component in our system. In Tennessee, the share is roughly 70% which is average when compared with our country (Tennessee Basic Education Program, 2011). In some states it is as high as 86% and as low as 31%. The variation exists because some states rely heavily on local property taxes instead of state funding (Federal Education Budget, 2012). The last and probably one of the most political entities is that of the local school board. The funding for local schools is usually provided by property taxes.Thus the wealthier areas have the ability to collect more taxes which allows for them to keep tax rates lower. Unfortunately, the poorer communities may have higher tax rates but still not reach the needed funding for the local school district. Therefore often times ch ildren with the highest needs are often sent to the schools with less resources and less qualified teachers. This is why education can never be created equal for every child. Another political argument is that in present times education leadership in America is not withheld to high enough standards.Instead some argue that we have fifty â€Å"education governors† (Usdan, et al, 2001) or some even go as far as to say, â€Å"Governors and presidents are no better suited to run schools than they are to run construction sites† (Thomas, 2012). Truthfully, yes many governors could be doing a better job in education, but most are willing to fight for it. Most support the importance as honestly we must all agree that â€Å"what, after all, could be more important than a proper education for the state’s most precious asset, its children? † (Usdan, et al, 2001). This argument holds very true at the local level.It is correct to say that from the ladder of the preside nt to the governor to the superintendents of education to school board chairs and members: often some of these educational leaders have little to no background or expertise in education. From the federal to the state level, most appointed leaders in education branches bring the required knowledge. However, the local school board is composed of a diverse group of members with different backgrounds and knowledge. While they all bring unique characteristics and a broad base of knowledge, it is often the case that they do not bring an educational background.Education needs a reform in which it is driven by educators who have lived within the field. These are the people who need to be in charge of forming and implementing our country’s educational policy. Educational leadership is important at all levels including the local school board. For over 200 years, politics has played a part in our educational system. From the federal government all the way down to the local politics talk ed about in gas stations or at a high school football game. Politics and education will always be entwined together. Both are vital for the future of our nation as our future is in our children.As the vision for Tennessee states, â€Å"it is to prepare all Tennessee children for successful post-secondary work, education, and citizenship. † The state’s master plan is to â€Å"ensure equal access to the education constitutionally guaranteed to all Tennessee children† (Master Plan). Without politics, schools will not exist. Without schools, knowledge to become a successful, active citizen will not exist. Thus both politics and education will always hold a vital role. Resources: Brown v. Board of Education. (1954) Civil Rights Organization. Retrieved October 2012, from http://www. civilrights. rg/education/brown/ Department of Education. (2012) Mission Statement Retrieved October 2012 from http://www2. ed. gov/about/overview/mission/mission. html Dow, P. B. (1991). Schoolhouse politics: Lessons from the Sputnik era. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Farmer, T. (2012, January 12). Politics of Local Education. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx. org/content/m14432/1. 10/ Federal Education Budget Project. (September 13, 2012). Retrieved October 2012 from http://febp. newamerica. net/background-analysis/school-finance Federal Role in Education. (2012). U. S. Department of Education.Retrieved October 2012 from http://www2. ed. gov/about/overview/fed/role. html League of Women Voters of the United States. (October 2011). The Role of the Federal Government in Public Education Part Two. Washington D. C: Author. League of Women Voters of the United States. (2011). The History of Federal Government in Public Education: Where have we been and how did we get here? Washington D. C: Author. Master Plan (2008). Master Plan FY 2008-2012. State Board of Education. Retrieved October 2012, from http://www. state. tn. us/sbe/masterplan. htm Tennessee Basic Education Program. (October 2011).State Board of Education. Retrieved October 2012 from http://www. state. tn. us/sbe/BEP%20Booklet%20FY12. pdf Thomas, P. L. , (2012). Politics and Education Don’t Mix. The Atlantic. Retrieved October 2012 from http://www. theatlantic. com/national/print/2012/04/politics-and-education-dont-mix/256303/ Usdan, M. , McCloud, B. , Podmostko, M. , and Cuban, L. (2001). Leadership for Student Learning. School Leadership for the 21st Century Initiative A Report of the Task Force on State Leadership. Washington, D. C. Retrieved October 2012 from http://www. iel. org/programs/21st/reports/staterole. pdf

British Imperialism essays

British Imperialism essays The history of Asia in the 17th, 18th, and 19th century is centered around the great impact of European empires. Nations such as France, The Netherlands, and Britain significantly impacted many port cities in Asia. One nation, India, first lost many port cities such as Calcutta to the British and eventually the entire nation. There were many factors that led to this conquest of territories, including economic, social, and political factors. The most important factor leading to the conquest of territories in India were the political actions of both the Mughal empire, and Britain. India, before the presence of European nations was mainly ruled by the Mughal empire. They were centered in Delhi lying in the northern part of the country away from the ocean. For a significant portion of history the Mughals were one of the most powerful empires in all of Asia, but as will be shown, the Mughal political system was in serious decay when the British arrive. Many of these political problems directly led to the Britishs occupation of territories in India. One problem with the Mughal empire was its lack of control and regulation of its port cites. The Mughal Empire chose to focus its economy almost solely on agricultural production, worrying very little about the trading industry. With little control on the port cities before the arrival of the British, it was very easy for British companies to establish a small foothold with minimal interference from the Mughals. This lack of interference allowed the British to set up forts, and storage facilities, and develop the ports in to a British style trading system. C.A. Bayly, author of Imperial Meridian goes to great lengths to explain this agro-centered economy. He discusses how an implied contractual agreement between an intermediary and a ruler, helped to stimulate the growth of revenue farming . This increase in revenue farming, and thus an increase in profit convinced In...

Free Essays on Confucius_Analects

In the Analects, Confucius gives readers certain guidelines regarding how government and kingship should conduct itself. Through his descriptive text Confucius breaks down many aspects of the expectations of ruling forces. Confucius embodies a sense of traditional and moral values that shine through in his writings. His conservative view appears throughout the Analects as Confucius outlines his guidelines regarding a legitimate, successful government, and the qualities of a good king. Confucius outlines the government as consisting of three major practices: filiality, humaneness, and ritual decorum. These practices which Confucius describes traditionally contain very conservative and moral ideologies. All three practices stress the importance of moral values such as peaceful, egalitarian interactions, respect and concern for others, and dignity. Confucius stems out to expand his definitions of the three practices, but the main traditional concepts remain the same. Filiality involves placing great importance on the care one has of their family members, and treating non-family members as if they were part of their family. Confucius found this practice extremely important in society, and believed that if everyone was â€Å"filial and friendly toward one’s brother†, it would have its effect on the government and influence it in a positive way ( 47). Filiality, according to Confucius was a very important key to a harmonious government. As Confucius wrote â€Å"A young man is to be filial within his family and respectful outside it. He is to be earnest and faithful, overflowing in his love for living beings and intimate with those who are humane† (45). This idealistic view embraces the moral ideologies that Confucius sought after. While some governments rely on enforcing strict, unfair rules to achieve a successful government, they often result in unrest and violence. Confucius promotes ethical goodness for a perfect go vern... Free Essays on Confucius_Analects Free Essays on Confucius_Analects In the Analects, Confucius gives readers certain guidelines regarding how government and kingship should conduct itself. Through his descriptive text Confucius breaks down many aspects of the expectations of ruling forces. Confucius embodies a sense of traditional and moral values that shine through in his writings. His conservative view appears throughout the Analects as Confucius outlines his guidelines regarding a legitimate, successful government, and the qualities of a good king. Confucius outlines the government as consisting of three major practices: filiality, humaneness, and ritual decorum. These practices which Confucius describes traditionally contain very conservative and moral ideologies. All three practices stress the importance of moral values such as peaceful, egalitarian interactions, respect and concern for others, and dignity. Confucius stems out to expand his definitions of the three practices, but the main traditional concepts remain the same. Filiality involves placing great importance on the care one has of their family members, and treating non-family members as if they were part of their family. Confucius found this practice extremely important in society, and believed that if everyone was â€Å"filial and friendly toward one’s brother†, it would have its effect on the government and influence it in a positive way ( 47). Filiality, according to Confucius was a very important key to a harmonious government. As Confucius wrote â€Å"A young man is to be filial within his family and respectful outside it. He is to be earnest and faithful, overflowing in his love for living beings and intimate with those who are humane† (45). This idealistic view embraces the moral ideologies that Confucius sought after. While some governments rely on enforcing strict, unfair rules to achieve a successful government, they often result in unrest and violence. Confucius promotes ethical goodness for a perfect go vern...

United Monarchy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

United Monarchy - Essay Example In contradiction, their neighbours were polytheists and worshipped idols of God, and this was a constant temptation for Israelites. There was God’s law which guided Israelites to live righteously but Israelites constantly failed and there was a pattern to this which was recorded by the judges. This pattern was observed prior and during the period of United Monarchy, and can be seen as an explanation of the events: A leader is given by Yahweh to guide Israelites in the righteous path and observe Torah People do not follow and comply by this as they indulge in social injustice or idolatry, or sometimes both. That is, they act against the will of God People are punished for above by God in order to get them back to the righteous path and faithfulness. Punishment is mainly in the form of an attack by the neighbouring people As a result, people turn to God to save them and repent for what they had done A new leader is given by God who saves them from the enemy and the faith in god is restored. The cycle starts again and continues the same way It was established from the above that loyalty to Yahweh would mean prosperity while non-compliance to God’s Torah would result inevitably in disaster. This ideology of one god and the pattern discussed above play an important role in beginning and end of United Monarchy. ... All the tribes of Israelites were led by judges while most of their neighbours where led by kings and threats of attacks and invasions loomed large. This is when the people started demanding a centralised form of government with a single king leading all the tribes. The idea of having a king made great sense to tackle the situation and streamline all their resources and energies to fighting the outside invaders. On the other hand, the idea of having a king was in many ways contradicting the religious beliefs of Israelites. Israelites believed that God was their king and having a human king would be in all sense rejecting the leadership of God. Also Israel was supposed to be a â€Å"holy nation† unlike other nations. There was opposition to having a human king but the pressure was strong to have a permanent human king like other nations at the time. Samuel, the judge, is asked to identify the king to lead the nation but he warns that there would be many negative consequences of having centralised government and there is no guarantee of good leadership. Also he points out that: â€Å"Israelites suffered military defeat because of their infidelity to God not for the lack of king (1Sm 12:9-11). Not even a king will be able to save Israel from the consequences of a disobeying God. In this respect, the institution of monarchy will change nothing.† This cautionary warning is in accordance with the beliefs of Israelites that non-compliance with God’s Torah will lead to dire consequences. Therefore, irrespective of having a king or not if people do not follow the path of God, they will be punished until they vow to walk in the right path again. This ideology sounds right and to go by this, there is no need for the Israelites to have a king as long as

Managing People and Organizations and Changing Business Scenario and Coursework

Managing People and Organizations and Changing Business Scenario and Management Practices - Coursework Example There are different approaches and perspective of management however management is about planning, organizing, leading and controlling to ensure that the organizational objectives are achieved. The task of managers is not only to ensure that organizational objectives are achieved, but it is the responsibility of the management to make sure that the motivation level of employees is high (Glueck, 1980). There is vast scholarly evidence suggesting that the theory of management came after the Second World War.; and its basic in-depth study has begun ever since. But the concept, in essence, started after the Industrial Revolution which brought upon mass production, specialization and seeing people a critical resource all paved way for management to viewed as a critical area of discourse. Principles of management are basic truths and the clarification between a dependent variable and an independent variable. Principles shall hathe ve a predictive or explanatory effect into it and it is muc h more deeply related to the dependent and independent variable as to whether these principles are applicable in given situation or not The rapidly changing environment along with different technological advancements, have been raising questions that the theories related to management are applicable in the current environment or not. Different researches and studies have been carried in this regard. In this report, an attempt has been made in order to understand the different management theories and their implications in the changing workplace. Managers are important for any modern organization i.e. plant managers look after machinery working properly, sales manager’s task is to build an effective sales team and formulate an effective sales strategy and a personnel manager’s job is to provide an enthusiastic, effective task, accomplishing and productive workforce (Rogg, Schmidt, Shull, & Schmitt, 2001). Managers are responsible in the organization to ensure that all the tasks are accomplished within the deadline and to complete the tasks in the most appropriate manner, they assign the tasks and manage people with the intention that the organizational objectives are accomplished properly.