Utopian Societies Impact - 911 Words

Utopian communities have had an incredible impact on both American society and various recognized religious sects throughout the United States as a whole. Many people saw, and still see, democratic government as unfair, leaving the poor behind to become poorer while the rich continued to get richer; they felt a change in work and fairness was officially in order. Utopian societies were created with commendable intentions, and their idea of the perfect cooperative society is an attractive conference, but they were all considered experiments because they all declined swiftly and hopelessly. The western concept of utopias stem in the age-old world, where fables of a carnal arcadia lost to history, linked to the human ambition to build an ideal community, abetted in forming the utopian notion (â€Å"Utopias in America†). Ideal communities have varied considerably in philosophy and design, and maybe not all have been persistently utopian in the draconian understanding of hoping t o achieve a system for a perfect community. Utopian communitarianism seems to have deeper roots set in the United States than in Western Europe, more specifically in actually putting philosophy into practice. This composite mental image may appear misplaced in a nation with an intense admiration towards individuality, but the perseverance amongst these societies brings to light quite a bit about the incredibly diverse American culture, notably how the sexes have thought of cultural advancement and howShow MoreRelatedEngels Inspired Utopian Society Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagescontains a society with minimal government involvement and a technological driven life. It outlines a life where the imperfections of capitalism is absent thus leading to a happy, ideal life. Capitalism is an economic system where private ownership is permitted to allow exchange of goods and services in a monetary system surrounded by competition (Dictionary 1). Technology would solve world issues in this id eal society such as having clean energy. With little opposition, people in this society would beRead MoreA Utopian Society By John Locke1257 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a part of societies, and most commonly these societies also have governments which maintain order and protect the people under said government. However, there are many forms of government, all of which have flaws and none can be considered a perfect government. One government which is commonly found in beginning of many societies is a monarchy. The flaws and unjust division of power within a monarchy leads John Locke to create a utopian society, which is a perfect or ideal society. John Locke attemptsRead MoreThe Utopian Society : A Utopian State1296 Words   |  6 Pages A utopian world is one that is different from person to person and given the ideology that one attains, the utopian state doesn’t fit all individuals. In my socially just utopian society, women have the same rights as every man that walks this earth. Differences and individuality would be embraced and not imposed; they would be respected and not ridiculed. There is no political correctness in my utopia; rather, it differs depending on a woman’s personal choices. In the past, women had few lifeRead More Henry David Thoreaus Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail820 Words   |  4 Pagesenduring contemplation of life and its purpose, insightfully analyzes the conflicting relationship between the government and the people it governs. He considerately evokes the notion that the majority of people are restrained by the government and society from making decisions with consideration of their conscience and that people need to overcome the reig n of the government to realize their own ethics and morals. King, in accordance, eloquently and passionately contends the injustice presented inRead MoreComparative Essay on Henry David Thoreau in Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther King in Letter from Birmingham Jail820 Words   |  4 Pagesenduring contemplation of life and its purpose, insightfully analyzes the conflicting relationship between the government and the people it governs. He considerately evokes the notion that the majority of people are restrained by the government and society from making decisions with consideration of their conscience and that people need to overcome the reign of the government to realize their own ethics and morals. King, in accordance, eloquently and passionately contends the injustice presented inRead MoreSecond Great Awakening954 Words   |  4 PagesWHAT WAYS DID THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING INFLUENCE AMERICAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE?† In the thirty year span between 1830 and 1860, the Second Great Awakening did much to change the modern American mind by sparking the abolitionist movement, empowering women (in their domestic sphere) and forming the cult of domesticity, partially fixing the corrupt government through the temperance movement, and in the creation of many utopian societies by radical religious populations. Puritanism was kicked toRead MoreDoes The Promise Of Paradise Produce Hell?1134 Words   |  5 Pagesgone wrong, or a utopia that functions only for a particular segment of society. Based on Karl Popper’s theory of ‘‘those who promise us paradise on Earth never produce anything but hell’’, in the following text, problems that originate from the attempt to physically create utopia will be discussed as well as their impacts on fulfilling this attempt. Architecture is fully interwoven with society. Most of the theorists of utopian ideas and social reforms of the 19th and 20th century attributed biggerRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World Freedom1236 Words   |  5 Pagesworld freedom is an option none of his characters possess. Due to the global depression in the 1920s and 1930s, Aldous Huxley warns of individuality and self-perseverance in Brave New World. World war 1 and the great depression had a large impact on BNW. Figures of WWI provided material to BNW like†[Benito Mussolini who] led an authoritarian government that fought against birth control in order to produce enough manpower for the next war, [which] provided materials for huxley’s dystopia†(SomawebRead MoreThe Modern Reality Of The Cities750 Words   |  3 Pagesgone wrong, or a utopia that functions only for a particular segment of society. Based on Karl Popper’s theory of ‘‘those who promise us paradise on Earth never produce anything but hell’’, in the following text, problems that originate from the attempt to physically create utopia will be discussed as well as their impacts on fulfilling this attempt. Architecture is fully interwoven with society. Most of the theorists of utopian ideas and social reforms of the 19th and 20th century attributed biggerRead MoreThe Most Serious Problems Facing Humankind1280 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. Utopian followers believe that humans are intrinsically good people who only become evil due to their circumstances. Evil is only a natural reaction to an unfair life and a lack of necessary resources. For example, utopian supporters would believe that gang members only sin because they were uneducated and born in the poorest communities. This secular idea claims that supplying resources to every single person would eliminate evil permanently. Thus, one must create a perfect society to distribute

The Separation Of The Christians Of Western Europe

Sir Thomas More composed this story exactly at the time when Europe was religiously being torn apart by conflicts and revolutions such as the reformation, that caused â€Å"the separation of the Christians of western Europe into Catholics and Protestant† (khanacademy). Religion for this reason, was as a consequence, an important and hot topic to argue at the time considering all that is occurring. It could be a reason why Hythloday spent so much time and effort discussing that matter with the narrator. It was rather life threatening to talk too controversially about religion during that stage. The Author, by expressing himself through a fictional monotheist but laic polity in which the entire citizens fully believe in a single Power, God and†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, inhabitants are not allowed to aggressively approach or imposing one believe system onto another. One that disturb the peace in any ways noted by the law â€Å"every man might be of what re ligion he pleased and might endeavor to draw others to it by the force of argument and by amicable and modest ways, but without bitterness against those of those of others opinions, but that he ought to use no force but that of persuasion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (More Thomas 79). The King Octopus thought it would have been an efficient way to keep peace by providing a religious freedom and also by being morally connected and produce a unifying sensation. Enacting this law was doubly beneficial for the king because like many individuals in Utopia, the king Octopus is nonetheless a philosopher himself. He personally believes in having this much variety of religions and sects in his kingdom is the result of the Omnipotent, the Supreme God inspiring different souls in different ways so one who threaten someone to believe in something he does not find to be true is indeed a transgressor. We can see here More’s attitude about how religion is also tied with politics and social laws as the rule r speaks freely about his spirituality and his ideas of Divine being with the inhabitants of the town. The society have a pretty sharp tongue against those people who don’t believe in a Supreme Being, so much that Hythloday mention them as â€Å"mad minds

Goodman Fielder and Marketing Strategy-Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Goodman Fielder and Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction The assignment has taken Goodman Fielder limited for describing the marketing plan. It deals in food products in New Zealand, Australia. The assignment gives an overview of situational analysis and market analysis of the company (Goodman fielder, 2016). Situation Analysis Internal environment Vision of the Goodman fielder limited is to be one of the most leading and innovative company in local food. The mission statement of the company is to create the food which people love. The main objective of the company is to create a long term value for its stakeholders. The organizational structure of the company consists of chief executive officer; deputy chief executive officer. The organization culture of company gives an equal opportunity to all its employees so to make them realize their career potential (Goodman fielder, 2016). The company has major competition with National Food Ltd, George Weston Food Ltd, and Nestle Australia Ltd. The company has competitive advantage in its distribution network. Goodman Fiedler has an extensive and well established distribution network. The company has core competency in Bakery, Dressing, Dairy, and related products. One of the major core competency laid by the company is that it is very difficult for the competitors to imitate the companys strategy (The Australia business review, 2016). External environment The company impacted by political and legal factors in relation to tax policies. Taxation policies affect company by changes in income tax and Goods Services Tax. Besides this, company has to follow rules and regulations in regard to marketing and agriculture. In case of economic factors, company may face recession in respect to behavior of consumer and market conditions. Goodman fielder also faces social and cultural factors in respect of attitudes of the consumer in relation to health, well being and nutrition. Due to uncertain changes in the consumer buying pattern, it may seem very difficult to gauge the amount to be invested by the consumer on purchases. The company has technical advancement in having advanced equipment which are more innovative and would lead to decrease in cost. The new equipments with the company are able to provide more nutritious and healthier foods. However the company also faces environmental factors in which it got affected by the issues like global war ming and changes in temperature (Goodman fielder, 2016). The company had an issue of providing misleading information in relation to packed food items. The court has declared the company as providing information as misleading and deceptive. However the court had decided that if in case there is any future contract made by the company in a deceptive manner, the company will be found liable to the court (Allens, 2010). Competitive environment The company has a direct competition from Green manufacturers that is because of homogeneous packing and distribution strategy. As in 2011, the market share of the company got negatively affected because of aggressive competition from its competitors in terms of pricing and promotions strategy. However the company deals with its competitors by providing product differentiation. The company provides some value added services and focuses on differentiation strategy which makes it different from that of competitors. For example in case of chocolates the company focuses on providing more quality and increase in nutritional value of chocolates (Australian food News, 2015). The company has major competition in case of product mix with George Weston foods. As it makes some branded breads like golden, tip-top. In New Zealand the company has major competition with Fonterra brands which owns Anchor brand producing dairy products. In case of price mix the Goodman fielder has increased the prices of its dairy products. This has made the company increase in its revenue by 3%. The company has increase in the prices because it could not able to recover the input cost form the wholesale prices it used to charge (Goodman Fielder, 2014). In place mix the company has an advantage in distribution channel. As the company has a network with wesfarmers and Woolworths limited. Hence this has made easy for the company to reach at large market with less impact on pricing (Goodman fielder). In respect of promotion mix the company has a direct competition with green manufacturing enterprise. The green manufacturing enterprise is used to target the customers by offering online. By providing all the relevant information online, the company used to increase in its customer base. Goodman fielders market share got reduced because of aggressive pricing and promotional strategy in 2011. The Goodman fielder has earning per share of $-.21, revenue per share of $1.12 in 2014. In case of Goodman fielder profitability analysis it has negative operating profit margin of $-16.08% and gross profit margin of $35.11%. Besides this the company has total asset per share of $1.13 and book value per share of $0.58 times. While in comparison to George Weston, the company has operating profit margin of 4.22%, gross profit margin of 0.86%. The company has book value per share of 52.42 times (Goodman Fielder, 2014). Swot analysis Strength (S): the Goodman fielder levies at 1st or 2nd position in relation to all of its product categories. Weakness (W): the weakness with the Goodman fielder is that it has few market areas in emerging markets like Asia. The market share of the company is also not so effective. This is because of intense competition between the company and its major competitors (C Convenience and impulse retailing, 2015). Opportunity (O): the company has an opportunity to enter into frozen foods. The company can acquire certain product lines so to make strengthen its strategy (Goodman fielder, 2012). Threats (T): Goodman fielder has a threat in from increment in consumer in awareness regarding health issues. Besides this the company also faces threats from small customized bakeries and patisseries. As increase in consumer awareness regarding the health issues, the company must focus on increasing the nutritional value and healthy ingredients, as the company cannot restrain new entrants to enter in the market. But company can do so indirectly. If the company will focus on customized services and increase in the brand loyalty, as the company is very old to the market hence by producing at large scale, the company can achieve competitive advantage. This would help the company in becoming leader of the food industry and would be able to restrain the new entrants. Besides this Goodman fielder can position its products (bakery, dairy and processed foods) as high quality and healthy content (Stoppres, 2014). Marketing objectives The marketing objective of the company is to focus on its strength and opportunities to overcome its weakness and minimize the impact of threats over it. Besides this the company will focus on increasing the nutritional value in its products so to increase the brand image in the minds of consumers and increase in the percentage of loyal consumers. Marketing tactics The marketing tactic to be adopted by the company to target more consumers can be said as sales promotion. By influencing the potential customers, the sales of the company would be increased. The marketing strategies to be adopted by the company are that the company should divert its focus from price to product, brand equity and marketing of its products (Goodman fielder, 2016). Target market segments profile The company is segmented on the basis of demographic, psychographic, geographic and behavioral segmentation. The company has les market share in emerging regions like Asia. While in case of demographic segmentation, the company focuses on all consumers those are family, children, and youth. Hence it can be said that the company has targeted the mass market. In case of psychographic segmentation, the consumers perceive the company products as quality conscious and high in nutrition value, as the company is segmented into Australia and New Zealand markets majorly. However it can be said that the company is geographically segmented in Australia and New Zealand market. While in case of behavioral segmentation, the company is focusing in targeting the consumers by attaching the product with the behaviors of the consumer. Like in case of chocolates the company focuses on the color, nutritious ingredients. The companys targeted consumers are family, youth and children. The company has market majorly in New Zealand and Australia as it leads to maximum profits and generation of revenue to the company. Besides this, due to lack of domestic competition, company is able to generate better sales. Strategic Direction and Planning Marketing objectives It has been observed by the company financial data that the revenue has been increased by 27.9% in 2016. The profit after tax also got increase by 5.5% due to rise in sales; however the operating profit got increase by 9.3% in 2016. This shows a positive sign for the company. However the company has an objective to increase its sales and profits by increase in quality of the products. The marketing objectives of the company can be said as increase in product quality and increase in advertising. Product quality can be increase by nutritional value, and healthy ingredients. The company has an objective to increase its sales and for such, it needs to do advertising (Paley, 2006). Marketing strategies Porter five forces model Threat from new entrants: the company faces threats from entry of new entrants to the market. Threat from bargaining power of customers: the company should price its product and services as compare to its competitors, as the customer will purchase the product which is high in nutritional value and less in price (Ferell, Hartline, 2013). Threat from bargaining power of suppliers: however the company has good control over its logistics that is outbound and inbound logistics. The company must focus in restraining the suppliers with the company by incentives and allowances. Threat from substitute: the company faces threats from its substitutes due to increase in consumer awareness. Due to increase in preservatives and sweetness, the consumers are substituting the companys products from home made products. Threat from competitive rivalry: as the company has a cut throat competition with its rivalry firms in relation to prices. Hence the company should make strategies to increase the quality of its products by not affecting the price. Ansoff matrix Aggressive strategy The third strategy which can be adopted by Goodman fielder is aggressive marketing strategy. This is done to position the company in the market and to improve the image of the company in the minds of its customers. This can be done by massive advertising, conducting promotional campaign. The company is leader in domestic market; hence it can compete with the international competitors on the basis of providing quality in its products. Marketing Mix The 4Ps of Goodman fielder consists of product, price, place and promotion. Product: the company products consist of a large variety. As in case of biscuits the company deals provides variety in the form of flavors, colors, ingredients such as apricot chocolate, double chocolate, shortbread, peanut brownie and many more (CTI reviews). Price: the company strategy is to focus on increasing quality. But due to production at large scale and expertise in bakery products the company is able to price its products less like price of the biscuits is $3.29. While in comparison to its competitor Farm bake whose price is $4.29. Place: the company products are majorly offered in New Zealand market. Promotion: the company does not spend a large sum of money in promoting its products. Hence the impact is that the company lacks its presence over social media and less advertisement. Process: the process of company is designed in such a way that it leads to achievement of common goal, and it creates a positive environment so to make the employees understand about the systems and process. People: the company runs a program to educate and train its employees. In this program the rotations of employees are being done from their level of interest to other business function area. Physical evidence: the company provides a service of providing bakery products to its customers, which are high in nutritional value and quality. Tactics which company can adopt to achieve these marketing objectives are that, the company must engage in a sales promotion campaign, advertising through social media networking. The second tactic is that company must focus to increase its sales to increase the market share. Third tactic can be said as the company must plan for its pricing strategies so to better able to compete with its competitors. The forth tactic can be said that company must increase its distribution channel so that the consumers must be able to get the product from different channels. The fifth tactic is company should focus on nutritional value and qualitative aspect. The sixth tactic for company is increase in the service of the products that is company should focus on increase in sales after services, and innovation in packaging, process and storing facilities (Nargundkar, 2008). Implementation Control Internal communication plan The communication plan needs to be formed by the leader to provide the information in a clear, accurate manner. In case of Goodman fielder, the manager or leader should form an effective communication plan by conducting annual meetings, written communications, discussion over strategies related to production, quality, customer services and human resource. Activity: Goodman fielder must engage into promotional activities such as advertisement in TV, social media networking, Newspapers, free samples, billboards, and trade fair. This is required to be done by the company to make effective its marketing plan that is increasing its sales. The company can advertise its products on television, or advertising on pay per click on websites such as Google, Facebook, etc. The company would be requiring conducting massive advertising for at least 1 year. Responsibility: it is the responsibility of the company towards its consumers that is company should commit to its statement made in the activities. For such, the company would be requiring to recruit more employees. These employees would be responsible for majorly three responsibilities those are innovation, production, research and development, control activities. Inter department support: for making effective marketing plan, there should be correlation between the various departments of the company. All the departments in the company are related to each other. Timelines: after recruiting employees, the company would be requiring to provide them training. Hence in relation to Goodman fielder it would be requiring a two months training program in which the employees would be trained for the working of the company and the how it works would be described (Rogers, 2001). Indicative budgets: the budget for the company in activity, advertising and providing training and development courses is estimated at 2, 20, 000$ in total. The TV advertising is very costly hence the company would be requiring incurring 40000$. Social media advertising would cost about 20000$. While newspaper, free samples, fair show would cost about remaining money which is 10000$. The free samples to be provided in other markets would cost 20000$. The charges of billboards are 15000$. The company has also made promotional strategies by indulging into trade fair, which will cost 45000$. Indicative Budgets ($) Training development TV advertising Social media advertising Newspaper Free samples Billboards Trade fair 70000 40000 20000 10000 20000 15000 45000 Barrier to implementation: the first barrier to implementation can be said as intense competition, as the company faces a competition from its competitors as well as new entrants. The second barrier of the company can be said as target market. As the company has a less targeted market and it is focusing on New Zealand customers only. The third barrier of the company can be said as budget constraints (Goodman fielder, 2013). Control Goodman Fiedlers key performance indicators are revenue, as the company has able to increase 29%. Another indicator is increase in quality. The third key performance indicator is positive feedback and response from the customer. The fourth key performance indicator is management of finance and administration. Contingency plans of the company can be increase in the quality of the products. Due to increase in the consumer awareness regarding the product, the company faces a threat as it would lead to decrease in sales and loyalty from the brand. Besides this the company faces another contingency plan from its competitors, as the company set its prices either above its competitors or below the competitors price. Hence it is suggested that the company should set its prices at par from its competitors (Mitchell, 2015). Conclusion After analyzing the company marketing plan it can be said that by focusing on the qualitative aspects the target of the company can be achieved. Besides this it has been observed that the company is good at internal environment, but in case of external environment, its performance lacks due to competition and its weakness. Hence it is recommended that the company should focus on its strength and minimizing its weakness. References Allens,(2010). Intellectual property. Retrieved by https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/ip/fofapr10.htm Australian food News, (2015). Goodman fiedlers results reflecting difficult trading consitions Retrieved byhttps://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2015/02/11/goodman-fielders-results-reflecting-difficult-trading-conditions.html C Convenience and impulse retailing, (2015) Bread prices to fall as Goodman fielder reaches agreement with supermarkets. Retrieved at https://c-store.com.au/2015/02/19/bread-prices-to-fall-as-goodman-fielder-reaches-agreement-with-supermarkets/ CTI reviews, Marketing strategies, contemporary approach, Cram 101 textbook reviews Ferell, O,C Hartline, M. (2013) Marketing Strategy, text and cases, Cengage learning Goodman fielder, (2012) Goodman fielder: shareholder meeting Auckland 28 February 2012. retrieved at https://nzx.com/files/attachments/153922.pdf Goodman fielder, (2013). Investing in the future, Goodman fielder annual review 2013. Retrieved athttps://www.rspo.org/file/acop2014/goodman-fielder-ltd/M-Policies-to-PNC-stakeholderengagement.pdf Goodman Fielder, (2014) Goodman fielder limited- preliminary final report and 2014 annual financial report. Retrieved at https://agrihq.co.nz/assets/198368.pdf Goodman fielder, (2016) The dream big graduate program. Retrieved at https://goodmanfielder.com/careers/grad-cadets-interns/the-dream-big-graduate-programme/ Goodman fielder, (2016). Benefits and rewards, accessed on 7th February, 2017. Retreived by https://goodmanfielder.com/benefits-and-rewards/ Goodman fielder, (2016). Welcome to Goodman Fielder. Accessed on 7th February, 2017, retrieved by https://goodmanfielder.com/ Goodman fielder. Goodman fielders competitors. Retrieved at https://goodmanfielder.weebly.com/competition.html Goodman firlder, (2016). Vision values. Accessed on 7th February, 2017. Retrieved by https://www.countrylife.com.au/index.php?q=node/104 Goodman, (2016) industrial evolution, Goodman annual report. Retrieved at https://www.goodman.com/-/media/Files/Sites/Global/Investor%20Centre/GMG%20Goodman%20Group/reports%20and%20newsletters/Annual%20Reports/20160928_annual_report_2016.pdf?la=en Mitchell, S. (2015).Goodman fielder CEO Chris Delaney departs as Willmar, first pacific take control. Retrieved byhttps://www.smh.com.au/business/goodman-fielder-ceo-chris-delaney-departs-as-wilmar-first-pacific-take-control-20150317-1m13mk.html Nargundkar, (2008) Marketing research 3E, Tata McGraw Hill Education, New Delhi Paley, N. (2006) the managers guide to competitive marketing strategies, Thorogood publishing, London Rogers,S,C. (2001) Marketing strategies, tactics. And techniques: a handbook for practitioners, Greenwood publishing group Stoppres, (2014). Goodman fielder wins august ad impact award, appoints ractive as digital agency. Retrieved at https://stoppress.co.nz/news/goodman-fielder-wins-august-ad-impact-award-appoints-reactive-digital-agency The Australia business review. (2016) https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/business-spectator/mission-statement-impossible/news-story/5e67be80bf5c253c6a5ba0fecdc535f9

Intersectional Analysis of Bend It Like Beckham free essay sample

For this assignment, to make an intersectional analysis I decided to watch a movie. After searching and thinking for a while I picked the movie Bend it Like Beckham, since a lot of elements in this movie are applicable on my own life and I really could relate to one of the characters in the movie. As the title of the movie already implies, it is about football and takes place in England. Jesminder is a Sikh, Indian girl from a very traditional Indian family. She is not interested in fashion, boys and her looks; the only thing she is interested in is football. One time when she is playing in the park with her friends, who are all boys, Jules sees Jesminder play. Jules is an English, white girl who plays football. Jules askes if Jesminder wants to join the team, but Jesminder’s parents do not agree. She joins the team anyways and this causes a lot of friction in her own family. We will write a custom essay sample on Intersectional Analysis of Bend It Like Beckham or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Parminder Nagra, who is in her real life also a member of the Sikh religion, plays Jesminder. She grew up in England and from an early age on she wanted to become an actress. Her parents wanted her to finish her education first before she was allowed to start acting. Bend it Like Beckham was her breakthrough film and got her a role in the popular TV-show ER. Keira Knightley is the actress who plays Jules in the movie. She is a white woman, born and raised in England. She started acting at a very young age. Bend it Like Beckham was also her breakthrough movie and she has played in countless of popular movies since, for example Pirates of the Caribbean, Love Actually, Pride and Prejudice. The director of the movie, Gurinder Chadha, is a woman from Indian decent, who is also a member of the Sikh religion, was born in Kenya but grew up in London. She studied journalism and ended up working as a reporter for the BBC and quickly realized she wanted to direct movies and documentaries. Most of her films focus on the differences between Indian and English families and the inequality between them, mostly in a negative way for the Indians. Bend it Like Beckham is one of her most famous works. After describing the movie contents, the main actors and the director, I am going to apply intersectional analysis to this movie. Before starting the intersectional analysis the term intersectionality needs to be explained. Kimberle Crenshaw was the first person that mentioned the theory of intersectionality. This theory is a study that focuses on the different biological, social and cultural categories that define someone’s identity and place in society. All these categories are in relation with each other, for instance gender, class, race and sexual orientation combined define your place in society and sadly also the way people treat you. These so called axes all influence each other, there is not just one aspect that defines our place in society. Combinations of all the axes, the starting point of intersectionality, contribute to social inequality, such as racism, sexism, homophobia, but also religion-based discrimination. According to this theory the person who would be the most accepted is a white, straight male from a higher class. A black, gay woman from a lower class would take the lowest position in society, while a white, gay woman from lower class would stand above her, and a white, straight woman from lower class would even take a higher position in society. Now that I explained the theory of intersectionality I can apply it to the movie, but before I do that, I would like to make a point about football-movies in general, and also a point about the lead actresses of the movie. After watching this movie I decided to search for other movies about football. There are over hundreds of movies that focus on men’s football in one way or another, a team, the fans, a coach, but only a few movies, a total of seven, focus on girls that play football, and Bend it Like Beckham is the only one with the focus on a girl who is not white. This shows that football is a sport that is still very gender-based, despite the fact that in the Netherlands alone already 120. 000 girls play football. Also race plays an important part, because all the other movies about girl’s football focus on white girls, while I know from my own experience there are a lot of girls from different races who play football. I myself played football for seven years, and I played in a team where half of the girls were non-whites. I will focus on this later on. The second point I would like to make is that despite this movie is the breakthrough for both main characters, Keira Knightley and Parminder Nagra, Keira is way more successful than Parminder. I researched both their filmographies, and Keira got a lot of movie offers after this movie, while Parminder’s only offer was a role, not even a leading role, in the TV-show ER. Parminder played in a few small movies, and in every single one of them the focus was on her racial background, while Keira Knightley got very divers movie offers, from playing a pirate to an historical person. The fact hat the role offers for both women depend on their race shows that in this case Parminder has a lower position in the society. She has very limited choices to pick from, while Keira has, because of her white skin-color, more choices. With that being said I can focus myself on the movie itself. This movie really focuses on gender and ethnicity, but sexual orientation is also a big part of it. Footb all is still seen as a men’s sport, and these girls in the movies are automatically a minority because they play football. I myself have encountered the same problems as these girls. I am a white, straight girl living in a western country, but when I told people, that I played football, their reaction was always: ‘a girl who plays football? That is so weird! ’ And without their knowledge of my sexuality, quite often people assumed I was a lesbian because I played football. Without knowing any axes of my life, I was automatically put in a lower position, just because I am a girl who played football. This also is seen in the movie. Jules has short hair, wears baggy clothes and plays football, and her mother overhears a conversation between Jules and Jess about love, but she misinterprets it and thinks Jules is gay. The mother is very upset about her daughter being gay and when Jules tells she is not gay, the mother is very relieved and then says there is nothing wrong with being gay. Even though she says that, she is still happy her own daughter is in fact not a lesbian. This shows certain stereotypes towards girls that play football, have short hair and wear baggy clothes. Football is such a gendered sport that it automatically leads to sexism, thinking girls who play football must be lesbian because they play a men’s sport. Lesbianism is also seen as something less good than being straight, seeing the mother is relieved her daughter is not a lesbian. The coach of the team, a young, straight white man is ashamed to be the coach of a girl’s team. He had to stop playing football due to an injury, and he wanted to do something with football. He ended up coaching the girls team, but he has never told this to his father because he is afraid his father will get angry because ‘they’re just girls’. This also shows the gender-based thinking towards girls, but intersectionality becomes even clearer when race gets involved. When Jesminder first joins the team, the eaction of the coach is that he has never seen an Indian girl play football, and he is angry with Jules for bringing her to the team because he expects her to not be able to play football, because she is an Indian girl. He says this without even seeing her play. She turns out to be the best of the team. Without knowing anything about her he places her in a lower social position than white girls, just because of her race, and he already places himself above girls. During a match a girl from the opponent calls Jesminder names, a specific word being used is ‘Paki’, which is a swearword used towards people from Indian decent. Even though it’s a girl who calls Jesminder this and probably has experienced the same gender and sexism problems as the other girls in this movie, she still places herself above Jesminder in the social hierarchy, only because Jesminder is from a different race. A different scene that shows the lower position of Jesminder is when her parents want her to focus on school instead of football. They literally say she needs the highest grades possible for a good future because her chances for a good job are smaller than the chances of an average white girl, whose chances are again smaller than those of a white boy. This sentence alone shows her chances of a good future are gender and racial based. The class she will belong to when she’s an adult depends on how good her job is, which again depends on her gender and race. This thus shows that women who are not white almost automatically end up in the lower classes of the society. A white woman has more chances to end up in a higher class, but still has fewer chances than a white man. Jesminder would make more chances for a good job if she were an Indian boy, because then only race would be a problem, while in her case it’s race and gender. As I said, in my own football team were a lot of non-white girls, and all of them, at least they parents did, belonged to the lower class, while the white girls in my team, including myself, were from a higher class than they are. There is one point in the movie where the lower position of the male is seen. Her best friend, a boy named Tony, confesses to her he is gay, but she must promise him she will not tell anyone about this. In the Indian religion it is not acceptable to be gay, that is his reason not to tell anyone. But if he would be openly gay, his position on the social ladder would get lower, because he would be gay, Indian man. If Jesminder would be from a different ethnicity I do not think it would have made any changes for the movie. The main point is that a white skin colour in the western world means a higher place in society than any other skin colour. If Jesminder had been a lesbian it would have placed her even lower on the social ladder. This also applies for Jules , she is a white, straight female, so she is quite privileged in general, but I think if the director had made her a lesbian, the stereotypes towards girls that play football would be even clearer and also show more struggles of women in a society. Sexuality does play a part in the movie, since Jules’ mother thinks she is a lesbian, but yet she turns out to be straight. I think this movie really shows the importance of using intersectuality when it comes to determining someone’s position in the society. The struggles of girls that play football to be accepted playing a men’s sport and overcoming typical stereotypes are shown, just as well the struggles of an Indian football-playing girl being accepted in the western society. This movie shows that football is still a very gendered sport and that a girl’s choice to play football influences her position.

Abeka 11th grade American literature Quiz 15 Essay Example

Abeka 11th grade American literature Quiz 15 Paper Lew Wallace __________s most popular novel is Ben-Hur. naturalism A view of life which emphasizes a detached scientific and photographic accuracy which includes everything and selects nothing. Local color writing _________ is portraying in sketches and short stories the life of a particular geographical location. Bret Harte _________ was the first prose writer after the Civil War to gain popularly and became the leading local color writer of his day. Alma Way , Candace Whitcomb A Village Singer Simonides Ben-Hur Eliza Jane Dimmidge The Boom in the Calaveras Clarion Ralph Hartsook The Hoosier School-Master Jim Butler Under the Lions Paw

Immigration and Discrimination in the Workplace

Immigration and Discrimination in the Workplace In the 21st century, Americans have experienced the impact of a globalized economy. It can be seen in relatively easy movement of people from one country to another. In the past, immigration was seen as a positive force for nation building. However, nowadays, immigration has become a problematic issue, especially when viewed from the perspective of limited resources and job places. Another aspect of immigration that needs to be discussed is discrimination in the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration and Discrimination in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discrimination exists due to the stereotypes that employers and co-workers associate with a particular ethnic group. It is, therefore, important to appreciate the importance of immigrants in nation building, especially when it comes to the United States of America. The ability to see a big picture and the need to appreciate the contribut ion of immigrants to U.S. economy will reduce the incidences of discrimination in the workplace. There are two main issues when it comes to discrimination of immigrants in the workplace. First, there is the issue of competition and limited resources. The argument is that immigrants will compete with few jobs available to the unemployed. In other words, if the number of immigrants increases, there will be less jobs be available to the U.S. citizens. The source of discrimination was made even more problematic after the financial crisis that severely affected the job market in the United States. There was also the added challenge of outsourcing wherein American companies established businesses outside the country, especially in the countries with low wages. Therefore, many argued that it would not be wise to increase the number of immigrants because they would increase the competition in the jobs available in the market. As a consequence of this belief, the U.S. Federal government crea ted laws that significantly reduced the number of immigrants allowed to enter the country. At the same time, these laws gave the power to search for, apprehend and deport illegal immigrants. There is the need to find out if these fears are based on real facts. Those who oppose immigration base their argument on the following statement that â€Å"a surge of low-skilled immigrants should increase the supply of such workers, driving down wages at the expense of working-class Americans† (Parker, p.1). It is easy to understand why many Americans are anxious when it comes to the presence of immigrants that can be viewed as competitors, when it comes to the job market. However, it is much more important to see the whole picture and realize that immigrant workers are indispensable to the U.S. economy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to analysts, immigrant workers are important because â€Å"they do jobs most Americans wouldn’t take, for wages they wouldn’t want† (Quintanilla, p.1). A restaurant may not be able to operate without a chef, but it will also go out of business without a dishwasher. Furthermore, â€Å"lower-wage labor helps create more work for higher-skilled, higher-paid workers who are generally native born† (Isidore, p.1). The report from the U.S. Department of Labor gives another proof because it says that â€Å"at least half of the nearly 2 million crop workers in the United States are illegal aliens †¦ the cheap labor they provide is crucial to the $30 billion U.S. farm industry† (Parker, p.1). It is, therefore, critical to have immigrant workers. The second issue raised when it comes to stereotypes and how they can affect the employment is discrimination in the workplace. According to the study by Paludi DeSouza, the problem is widespread, â€Å"Discrimination based on ethni c stereotyping is normative for many employees in workplaces in the United States (p.88). Therefore, at this level, discrimination can negatively affect the chances an employer will hire an immigrant. It is possible that employers can be compelled to hire immigrants because of immigration laws, but this does not mean that discrimination in the workplace is non-existent. There is a different type of discrimination that an immigrant may experience at the workplace. Consider the following statement by a victim of this type of discrimination, â€Å"When a stereotype about your group is relevant to performance in a particular domain, you are likely to experience anxiety – from feeling threatened by the perceived likelihood that others think you will not succeed and fearing that you will confirm these beliefs† (Deaux, p.84). In other words, an immigrant is less likely to be promoted if there is discrimination in the workplace. There is a need to eradicate discrimination beca use immigrants are also people that are simply driven by a common human desire and the need to pursue happiness. Therefore, if there is a political or economic problem in their homeland, it is their right to seek a better place to live in. If there is a famine in their homeland, it is natural that they go to other countries in search for better opportunities and future for their family. It is also understandable that they are eager to bring the whole family to a new country in order to build a better life. The right to immigrate can be availed during times of war, famine, and political persecution (Clark, p.26). However, the United States limits the number of immigrants that can enter and settle in this country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration and Discrimination in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, U.S. laws granted certain law enforcement agencies to track down and apprehend th ose who do not have the necessary documents to stay in the country. However, the worst thing is that immigrants are treated as if they are not humans. Therefore, the locals and authorities do not respect them in the same way that they respect their friends and relatives. Another major reason why it is wrong to prevent the immigration of people can be seen in the economic and cultural benefits that diversity can bring (Hall, p.54). Consider, for instance, the contribution of the first wave of immigrants to the United States; these were Italians, Irish, Scots and others. According to the study by Hall who examined the contribution of Italian immigrants, â€Å"These people were, on the whole, peaceable and industrious, and improved the trades in which they engaged† ( p.55). A review of American history reveals that there were many immigrants who were instrumental in revolutionizing different sectors of society. Their contributions had a considerable impact on sports, film, food, telecommunications, Information Technology, engineering, and other spheres. Without their contribution, it would be impossible to imagine how the United States would have gained its status. Creation of Policies The first step in the journey towards the reduction of discrimination in the workplace is to have a clear understanding of the contribution of immigrants to the economy. The second step is to create appropriate laws and be aware of existing laws that were created to protect the rights of immigrant workers. For example, employers must realize that there exists an Immigration Act and in the said law, which states that it is illegal for an employer with three or more employees to: discriminate in hiring and firing workers, except for illegal aliens; discriminate on the basis of the person’s citizenship; retaliate against employees because they made a complaint based on immigration laws (Repa, p.478). After studying immigration laws, the next thing to do is to develop p olicies with regard to diversity in the workplace. The creation of such a policy is only possible if the employers and the co-workers understand the value of diversity in the workplace within a particular organization. Consider, for example, a scenario where there was an automotive dealership in the city where there were many Spanish and Chinese speaking people. In the said scenario, the corporate leaders of the said automotive dealership did not create a diversified team of sales representatives and supervisors. The corporate leaders did not probably realize the existence of potential customers that could not properly communicate using the English language. As a result, the potential customers are unable to express what they want.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the same time, the businesses in the area could not communicate what they were offering to their clients because of the language barrier. The solution to this problem would be the creation of a diversified team. A creation of a diversified team is only possible if there is a policy that allows the employers to hire Spanish and Chinese speaking sales representatives. It is not an easy task to create and develop a diversified workforce. The employers and the workers have to deal with discrimination as well as conflicts that may arise due to differences in culture. However, managers of organizations are aware of the potential of a diversified workforce to increase their revenue. It is, therefore, important to study the benefits of diversity and appreciate the contribution of immigrant workers to the society. Conclusion As mentioned earlier, discrimination is a normal reaction because people tend to have a negative perception of other individuals who came from a different country and have different culture. In other words, it is easy to judge something that a person cannot understand. Discrimination is also rooted in misunderstanding and fears. For example, many Americans are anxious that the migrant workers are taking away their jobs. However, it has been made clear that many of the immigrants in America are low-skilled workers able to do only the jobs that many Americans would not handle anyway, such as dishwashing, gardening, fruit picking. On the other hand, some immigrant workers are highly skilled and contribute to the growth of the economy. In fact, the United States achieved its progress because of the contribution of immigrants. It is, therefore, important to be aware of the importance of immigrant workers. At the same time, it is also important to be aware of current immigration laws. Furthermore, there is also the need to develop a policy with regard to diversity in the workplace. The creation of a diversified team will create a competitive advantage for the employers. For example, if a business unit does not have a Chinese-speaking representative, it will be impossible to communicate to Chinese-speaking customers. Clark, William. Immigrants and the American Dream: Remaking the Middle Class. New York: The Guilford Press, 2003. Print. Deaux, Kaye. To be an Immigrant. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006. Print. Hall, Prescott. Immigration and Its Effects Upon the United States.  New York: Adamant Media Corporation, 2005. Print. Isidore, Chris. 2006. Illegal Workers: Good for U.S. Economy. Web. Parker, Serena. 2005. Immigrants: US Economic Savior or Social and Economic  Burden. Web. Paludi, Michele, and Eros DeSouza. Praeger Handbook of Understanding and  Preventing Workplace Discrimination. CA: ABC-CLIO, 2010. Print. Quintanilla, Carl. 2006. The Economic Impact of Immigration: Do Illegal Workers  Help or Hurt the Economy? Web. Repa, Barbara. Your Rights in the Workplace. CA: NOLO Publishing, 2010. Print.

The Lawrence Sports Simulation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Lawrence Sports Simulation - Research Paper Example There must be: three alternative working capital policies which reduce future difficulties; a recommendation on policy and an evaluation of risk associated with the recommendation; contingencies for the recommendation; performance measures used to evaluate the recommendation; an implementation plan for the recommendation; a discussion and explanation of the recommendation; a review of the cash conversion cycle for Lawrence Sports; an explanation of the importance of the cash conversion cycle to its working capital management; and a conclusion. II. Three Alternative Working Capital Policies Which Reduce Future Difficulties There are three working capital policies which have to be put in place in order to reduce future difficulties as a company. First and foremost, Lawrence Sports must realize that it can’t make more payments than purchases—as it started to do the week of March 31st—and expect to make a profit. Therefore, the company must make a policy to ensure th at it is always taking in more money than it is spending. The second thing that Lawrence Sports must do is ensure that all of its vendors are paid in full without leaving capital build up in order to pay off its debts. For example, it was mentioned that Gartner was paid off 40% upfront, and then 60% in the next week. This should not be so. Debts should be paid off quickly and not be allowed to pile up. The same thing happened with Murray, when 15% was paid immediately, with 85% to be paid in the next week—where payments started taking over purchases also during the week starting March 31st. Third, what is most important is that Lawrence try to have a cash inflow total that is at least anywhere from 25 to 50% greater than its outflow. This is just to ensure that the cash inflow does not get too far below so that outflow is not greater, and is a safety measure. III. Recommendation A. The Recommendation on Policy Itself and An Evaluation of Risk Associated With the Recommendatio n The recommendation made to Lawrence Sports is to do some cash flow analysis—and to emphasize simply having greater cash flow coming in than going out. According to Grier (2007), â€Å"Cash, not earnings, allows a business entity to meet its financial obligations. Indeed, assessing the amounts, timing and uncertainty of cash flows is one of the basic objectives of financial reporting and analysis† (pp. 47). This policy will help the company stay solvent. However, this also means that the company has to pay its debts off quickly to these outsourced businesses which provide its products. According to Kakkar (2009), â€Å"[One should] [r]educe credit allowances and accelerate cash receipts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 234). By reducing the amount of credit used and upping the cash receipts for accounts receivable, this will increase the cash inflow and minimize the risk of coming in below the 25% profit margin that was discussed as one section of the three policy alternatives for the company. This is why cash flow is so important. According to Fight (2005), â€Å"Analysis of cash flow, then, cannot merely isolate debt capacity but must also consider all the factors producing major changes in cash inflows and outflows† (pp. 6). Of course, the risk is that by focusing too much on cash flow, the company will neglect other areas. However, this issue is so important because it is what will make or break the company—eventually—is whether or not its ledgers are balanced. B. Contingencies For

High Level business architecture Research Paper

High Level business architecture - Research Paper Example Precisely, high level business needs describe what should be done by a system or any other business solution. For the case of Adopt-A-Farm, it is clear that the company needs to have an online system for collecting their customer and partner views about their experiences in volunteer harvesting and as well list the stories and other help facilities for users of the system. The high level business requirements could therefore be seen as an indication of the reasons as to why a business undertakes an activity (Ross & Robertson, 2006). The requirements are documented as below; The objectives of the high level business requirements for Adopt-A-Farm are to come up with an online system which will increase user participation in the campaign on local farming and purchasing of food products as well as user participation in creation of awareness. It also focuses on having a system for direct user participation in forums and also in commenting about the advantages of local farming. The system should also reach as many people as possible around the globe for the sole reason of creating awareness across nations. The project focuses on listing the stories shared by users about their experiences with consumption of local products in the blog section. From this, users will have a wide variety of content to refer from to gain the taste and to understand the importance of consuming local products and thereafter participating in the campaign with an aim to carb the global warming menace. It also focuses on advising local farmers on the best practices and operations to carry on in their farms which reduce the chances of environmental degradation. Finally, the system will also focus on promoting volunteer harvesting through the creation of a forum for users to comment on their experiences in the exercise. This will be in a bid to encourage people to participate in such exercises whenever they could be having a chance to. Lastly, it is clear that high

Finance Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance Principles - Essay Example An investor will thus, take care of the rate of return to expect and the risk level exposed in the capital market in making a decision on stock and bond allocation. Equity and bond portfolio investment in U.S capital market: Equity investment; An equity investment is supposed to provide long term value growth and the possibility of dividend income. The value of shares can at some time become volatile by being either declining or a rising trend in the overall market period. The stock market index in U.S has being declining in the recent past due to the financial wrangles being witnessed in Europe. The future economic growth of the country is promising to be positive which is a clear picture that in future the prices of the stock will raise. Thus, as a fund manager the current stock prices are in the best lowest prices when I should consider buying for future profit making from sale of the shares in the future. Also, with an economic growth prospects the shares are likely to generate d ividends which will be of benefit to the investor’s economic potential. Bond investment; A bond investment represents a fixed income investment because it attracts a fixed rate of interest and a known maturity time4. The value of a bond investment is determined by the movement of the market interest rates. If the interest rates are high, the price of the bond is low and at the time when the rates of interest are low, the bond price will be high. The interest level of a bond represents the risk level of a bond. The bond market in U.S assessment shows a challenge to fixed income investors because of the way it is associated to the European market which is facing a debt crisis5. This is because the performance of the bond in U.S capital market in the time to approach is likely to be determined by how the events will unfold in Europe6. There has being development of discouraging news from the European market of possible government default in paying back loans, bank crisis and the possibility of euro break up. This has lead to investors demanding a flight to quality on U.S treasury bonds and a poor performance on high yield bonds and emerging debt markets. The flight to quality response by the investors has resulted to the fall of 10- year note to record lows of 2011 with its price rising. This mean of seeking safety has outweighed prospects of earning meaningful long term returns7. Investing in U.S treasury is thus, pegged on a deteriorating of the European market. The expected economic growth in 2012 poses a risk to treasury bonds due to the inflation uptick that may rise which has a negative effect on bond prices. Investing in high yield bonds currently has an unknown future interest earning due to the debt crisis in Europe which can only get better if the crisis are solved to the fullest. Asset allocation; As an investor deciding to invest in the equity and bond market in the American market, the return level and risks associated with two assets due to t he global economic events needs to be allocated with care. From the assessment of the two assets investment opportunities, investing in the stock market is more favorable to an investor than in the bond market for future returns of the investment8. Market performance of any asset has usually being uncertain towards how in future the returns from the assets investment will perform9. This means that an investor has to come up with a portfolio arrangement that will try to caution massive losses from investing in only one asset that seem to have positive future returns. The portfolio investment need to allocate much percentage to an asset that has

Difference Between Data Warehousing And Data Mining Information Technology Essay

Difference Between Data Warehousing And Data Mining Information Technology Essay The information systems (IS) field is terms of key development can be called data warehousing in database environtment. Different organizations receiving different significant returns than others because its benefits are plentiful. The organization will have different types of returns in the impact of data warehousing . Each company can be tie the benefit to the way in which it conforms to the framework as it shows in the analysis . We will see how dan organization can be transformed by data warehouse, Analysis also showing the explaination of differences in impact. A large manufacturing company (LMC) involving case study of data warehousing, a financial services company (FSC) are presented and discussed within the context of the framework and the Internal Revenue Service. Keywords : Multidimensional modelling; Conceptual modelling; Time-series; Data warehouses; Data-mining Introduction Data warehouses are becoming part of the technology. Data warehouses are used to consolidate data located in disparate databases. A data warehouse stores large quantities of data by specific categories so it can be more easily retrieved, interpreted, and sorted by users. Warehouses enable executives and managers to work with vast stores of transactional or other data to respond faster to markets and make more informed business decisions. It has been predicted that every business will have a data warehouse within ten years. But merely storing data in a data warehouse does a company little good. Companies will want to learn more about that data to improve knowledge of customers and markets. The company benefits when meaningful trends and patterns are extracted from the data. Data mining, or knowledge discovery, is the computer-assisted process of digging through and analyzing enormous sets of data and then extracting the meaning of the data. Data mining tools predict behaviors and futu re trends, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. Data mining tools can answer business questions that traditionally were too time consuming to resolve. They scour databases for hidden patterns, finding predictive information that experts may miss because it lies outside their expectations. Data mining derives its name from the similarities between searching for valuable information in a large database and mining a mountain for a vein of valuable ore. Both processes require either sifting through an immense amount of material, or intelligently probing it to find where the value resides. What is Data Warehousing Data warehousing is a collection of decision support technologies that enable the knowledge worker, the statistician, the business manager and theexecutive in processing the information contained in a data warehouse meaningfully and make well informed decisions based on outputs. The Data warehousing system includes backend tools for extracting, cleaning and loading data from Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) Databases and historical repositories of data. It also consists of the Data storage areacomposed of the Data warehouse, the data marts and the Data store. It also provides for tools like OLAP for organizing, partitioning and summarizing data in the data warehouse and data marts and finally contains front end tools for mining, quering, reporting on data. It is important to distinguish between a Data warehouse and Data warehousing. A Data warehouse is a component of the data warehousing system. It is a facility that provides for a consolidated, flexible and accessible collection of data for end user reporting and analysis. A data warehouse has been defined by Inmom (considered one of the founders of the Data warehouse concept) as a subject-oriented, integrated, time-varying, non-volatile collection of data that is primarily used in organizational decision making. The data in a data warehouse is categorized on the basis of the subject area and hence it is subject oriented Universal naming conventions, measurements, classifications and so on used in the data warehouse, provide an enterprise consolidated view of data and therefore it is designated as integrated. The data once loaded can only be read. Users cannot make changes to the data and this makes it non-volatile. Finally data is stored for long periods of time quantified in years and bears a time and date stamp and therefore it is described as time variant. The format of data collected are not always the same eventhough each of these systems collect data . So, the combination of all these data from all sorts sources that combined together to form a single data and the combination of database forming a single homogenous form is what we called data warehousing. The data is not only subject-oriented and integrated but also time-variant and non-volatile collection of data to support management in making decision. 1) Time-variant that In order to make the reports that go in propotional with time , the data ware house that has been changed should be tracked and recorded. 2) Non-volatile Data warehouse is never deleted, so that data is read only and static and will be used for future reporting 3) Integrated Data is consistence and is representing all operational system. Data management and data retrieval are the proess that can define data warehousing. An organizations can integrate their various databases into data warehouses using process different capabilities and culturesThe idea of maintaining central data is brought by data warehouse. Although the concept itself has been around for years, like data mining data warehousing, is a relatively new term. Data Warehouse Design There are two different ways of Data Warehouse design; Ralph Kimball and Bill Inmons model. In Inmons architecture, before data being transferred to the data marts, data from OLTP database is firstly stored in a warehouse. In Inmons model view,tThe data warehouse is a real database. Kimballs architecture using OLTP database shows that data is transferrefed directly to the data mart. Based on the picture above, a collection of integrated data marts will form the data warehouse. What is Data Mining? Data or knowledge discovery or generally called Data mining. It is the process of getting data from different resources and turn them into information that can be useful for organization One example of tools to analyze is analyzing data using data mining software. Data from many different sources and with different uses and characters will be analyze by users. So, technically, data mining the process of finding correlations of fields in large relational databases. In general, data mining is the process of making data usefull after analyze it from different kind of information environment and turn into vary kind of useful information. . Data from many different dimensions or angles can be analyzed by users and then be summarized into the relationships . On the other hand, the process of finding or different in data mining is not an easy process and do need different process and analyze. There are five major elements in data mining : Data can be presented in graph or table and other formats. Data transaction is loaded onto the data warehouse system. Data is stored and managed in a multidimensional database system. Application software can be used to analyze and intrepenting data Information professinals especially who are involve in business world can access the provided data. Continuous Innovation The technology is not new nowdays eventhough data mining is a quite new. Take this case for example, One Midwest grecory is using Oracle software to look and search about the buying patterns of local. It has been discovered that whenever men bought cigarettes on Saturdays and Thursdays, they also want to buy beer. Then it also showed that Saturday is the day when these shoppers typically did their weekly grocery. However, they only bought a few items on Saturdays. It is concluded by the retailer that the reason they purchased the beer is to have it for the weekends ahead.. Furthermore, they have to make sure that the price are full for cigarettes and beer on Thursdays. What can data mining do? Here are the focus among a costumers retail, financial, communication, and marketing organizations which are data mining that been used by a company especially for the basic data. Product, the condition of product and the day of business can be some internal factors for this. Other than that the perfomance on sales, customer rights satisfaction, also profits for organizations can also determined by companies. Finally, transactional data can be viewed with details from the summary information. The development of products and promotion is also important to appeal to specific customer segments by getting demographic data from comments or even warranty cards provided by company. In order to transform supplier relationships. Applications of Data Mining The basic of data mining has been involved in many fields such as business, scientific research, banking sector and many more . All of these fields have been using data mining. Now its use is easier compare to what it was.. These tools can be used practically to carry out complex data mining techniques and get ease with it.. In order to do improve marketing field of and organization and try to understand its clients buying patterns, Data Mining is used by businesses. Data mining is used more widely than ever before because of expanding variety of tools and softwares in new era like it is today.. Intelligence agencies like FBI and CIA also use data mining for identifying terrorisms threats or even after the incident of 9/11 in America. It is really important to uncover terrorist plots. However the people concerned as data collected for such works will invade many peoples privacy.. Banking sector also using data mining for credit card problem detection and anything relation to credit c ard crime as what is happening now days. . It is also can reduce the risk of any credit card problem among their customers, especially to identify potetntial costumers and to state wether loan can be able to approve to any customers. Steps of Data Mining From the picture, we can see the step of data mining Data Integration: All the different sources contribute data which are collected and integrated. Data Selection: We have to select data and make sure that it is usefull for data mining. Data Cleaning: The data collected may not all correct and need to be checked again before being used to avoid data errors and uncertain problem. Data Transformation: Eventhough the data has been cleaned, to have data ready for mining, we still have to do something and transform data into the right form so that mining process will not be any problem. Many techniques can be used to complete data transformation suck as like smoothing, aggregation, normalization techniques. Data Mining: Techniques like clustering and association analysis are used among the many different techniques used for data mining only when we are ready to apply data mining techniques on the data to discover the interesting patterns. Pattern Evaluation and Knowledge Presentation: Transformation, visualization, removing redundant patterns are steps from the patterns we have generated. Decisions / Use of Discovered Knowledge. In order to make use of the knowledge which acquired to take better decisions, this step helps. Difference between Data Warehousing and Data Mining Data warehousing can be define as the inntegration and combination of data from different sources and various of format into a single form or a single schema. Huge amount of data can be provided by data warehousing with a storage mechanism. Meanwhile, The Enterprise has been provided with a memory by Data Warehousing and intelligenge is provided by data mining . So, the discovery of useful patterns can be done using the of data mining techniques on the data warehouse. Data Mining Tools In order to build companys own custom mining solution, they have to purchase mining programs. This program is designed for existing software and hardware platforms and the program can be integrated into new products and systems. For example in order to give the mined data more value, the organization has to determine data mining output into another output such as ware house as a neural network which is said quite common . This is because, , the data mining tool will gather the data if the other program makes decisions based on the data that has been collected. In the market place they are a lot of data minings that come in different model and tools or tecniques. Each with their own strengths and weaknesses. A right kind of data mining is really important to any organization because if the organization buys a wrong data mining and its nothing to do with their business goal, data mining will be useless. This is a really important consider especially for organizations which are going to expand. These three categories are the classification of most data mining tools: Dashboards. Is used to monitor information in a database and is installed in computer, dashboards reflect updates onscreen and data changes always wether in charts or in tables so that the user can see how the business is performing and working. Traditional Data Mining Tools. Data mining programs will be used in organization and the effect of it will be securely seen.. In order to monitor the data and highlight trends and others capture information residing outside a database. You can even see some of thiese tools on the desktop. Text-mining Tools. The ability to work as PDF and ability to analyze data and can be used in various kind of data processing from hard text to simple words. These tools can be used to scan content. There are a lot of unstructured scanned content for example information is scattered almost randomly across the document, audio or video data or internet based data or structured for example the datas form and purpose is known, we can say database content.. A wealth of information can be provided for organizations by capturing these inputs that can be mined to discover all kinds of concepts and trends or any other data processing in another environment. The Benefits of Data mining/ Data warehouse To Organization. By using Data warehouses business executives can look at the company as a whole unit. There must be reasons on spending so much money by many corporations to implement data instead of looking at an organization in terms of the departments that it comprises. . Data warehouses also use their ability to handle a lot of tasks in an organization involving many different departments. In order to make sure that every transaction will be made in certain time frame, the good transaction system will be set up by every organization The biggest problem with report and queries is the transaction can not be made in time frame and then will be late to be compiled. On top of that and in order to overcome the problem, many companies are working to come out with a good data warehouse and hopefully can be able to settle down any problems regarding transactions. Another benefit from data warehouse is the uses of data model for any queries regarding transactions and the outcome is really convincing.. Models for queries are really important especially to come out with good reports. Eventhough transaction processing system doesnt really need this but the implementing of a good model can help the company. Anyway, wrong modeling methods can slow down the process of transactions. Eventhough transaction process has to be at speed by the server units, but at the same time, they will slow down the process of query. Queries of data can be made using data ware house and this is one of the reason why it is very efficient. Anyway, a big number of transaction system can lead to big transaction system. So, the company always has to get ready to come out with different data warehouse or even worse, different models of processing. The combination of every departments in a company is really important in order to overcome any problems regarding processing and transaction of data. The Benefits of Data Mining Data mining allows companies to exploit information and use this to obtain competitiveadvantage. Data mining helps identify trends such as: why customers buy certain products ideas for very direct marketing ideas for shelf placement training of employees vs. employee retention employee benefits vs. employee retention Conclusion In order to discover trends and patterns in temporary data, we use time-series analysis as a powerful technique . Not only their management is expensive but these data also are also low-level of abstraction. Two main problems are always been faced by most analyst. First, to clean of the huge amount of potentially-analysable data and second to correct the definition of the data-mining algorithms to be employed. Data warehouses has been proved to be a powerful repository of historical data since their appearance especially for data-mining . In addition, their modelling paradigm for example multidimensional modelling, is not any different to the problem domain. Anyway, a coherent conceptual modelling framework for data-mining assures is believed as a better and easier knowledge-discovery process on top rank of data warehouses.

International Politics :: essays research papers

Political Science to me is something of a cycle, which is attached to the world’s history and is an ever-changing science of communication at a state and national level. This cyclical process is also attached to my personal adoption of political ideologies, i.e., as times change, as well as my surrounding environment, as an individual, I am forced to adapt to my surroundings, rather than a rock smashing through stubbornly regardless of the damage it may cause to all parties. I am not talking of conformism, rather the adoption to my political and social surroundings that would best serve in the interests and security of the community at large. To provide the reader of a greater understanding to this ideology perhaps entails that I give a small personal example. I come from a diverse background that allows me to understand history and politics from many perspectives and which has made me less biased than the average man. Born in England, to a Turkish Father and a British Mother, and having lived in England, Turkey, as well as Canada has broadened my vision of the world to a great extent. This is of course excluding the many political conferences that I have attended and the many countries I have visited around the world. An example of an assignment which required the utmost patience and the most open of minds was at a Model UN conference in Philadelphia I was assigned to represent Greece on the issue of Cyprus, being part Turkish one can understand what open mindedness that took. To do such a thing required the total adoption of what is the opposite of my historical perspective. However in doing so, this has brought me an understanding of international relations, conflict and interests. This brings me to the ideology that I believe is most prevalent in the worlds state system of today’s Realism. Many people view this ideology as a somewhat pessimistic view of the world and tend to believe in greater harmony and cooperation. These tend to be the idealists known to us as the Social Democrats of Europe, the Liberals in Canada, and the Democrats in the United States. Realism at this time and point of history seems to be the actual way that things are going amongst states. Alliances (rather than friendships) are formed and balances are created. These Alliances are not there for anything more than security and self-benefit, of course the other half of an alliance definitely must fulfill its interests as well or else no alliance would be possible.

Politics in Education

Politics in Education Can education exist without politics? The answer is simply put no. While many would love to see the political scene leave education, it is inherent that the two remain together. The key is how they work together in the best interest of the students. Public schools are responsible for two precious entities- children and tax dollars (Farmer, 2012). This is one of the reasons that â€Å"today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments† (Brown v. Board of education, 1954).While we are progressively seeing federal mandates in education more now than ever, it is mainly the state and local levels where politics are inseparable (Farmer, 2012). Since education is highly imperative to the future of our country, it is and will always be subject to political scrutiny. From the beginning, a well educated American was deemed necessary to protect independence and the general welfare of the citizens (League of Women Voters, 2011). It has been stated this type of citizen will â€Å"rule themselves through elected officials† (Brademas).Education, especially higher education, at one point was considered a luxury; however, in today’s world a â€Å"high-quality† education often including the collegiate level is believed to be both a â€Å"universal right and a necessity for individual welfare† (Farmer, 2012). For this reason education will remain important topic of political debates between politicians as well as local townspeople. Politics in education goes dates as far back as the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.Federal support was given at this time and later in 1841 with the Land Grand Act in the form of land designated for a system of public education to be established. During this time the federal government began to grant money. This money was often used to clean up from war expenses; however, some funds were used for education even though congress did no t stipulate that such funds could be used for education (League of Women Voters, Oct. 2011). It is well aware this funding continues today although the state and local government share the majority of the responsibility.In 1791, the 10th Amendment guaranteed rights to all citizens by stating â€Å"the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. † This amendment entrusted authority over education to the states by having state constitutions assign specific responsibility and legal authority for public education (Usdan, M. , McCloud, B. , Podmostko, M. , and Cuban, L. , 2001). Today, state and local revenue fund approximately 87% of the money for elementary and secondary education.It is estimated that only 10% comes from federal funding (The Federal Role in Education). In 1867, the original Department of Education was established to collect data on schools and teachi ng in order to help create an effective school system (League of Women Voters, 2011). One major turning point for federal education was the GI bill of 1944. The government allotted for nearly eight million World War II veterans to have education assistance to attend college. Until this point, the federal government basically only did research and created policies for an effective system.Financing of education was not highly supported through the department. Then in 1958, Congress passed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) in response to Russia’s Sputnik. This created money available to students willing to study in science, mathematics, and foreign languages (Dow, 1991). In 1965, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was created which included Title 1 funding to the disadvantaged. In 1983, A Nation at Risk was released calling for a refocus on an education reform in order to compete with other countries as it appeared that America was falling behind (Farmer, 2012).E ven though the Department of Education has grown drastically, their mission still remains â€Å"to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering education excellence and ensuring equal access† (Department of Education, 2012). Today, every educator is familiar with most of the current federal mandates including- No Child Left Behind (reauthorization of ESEA), Race to the Top, and common core standards. While most of the funding, administrating, and accountability falls on the state and local governments, these are all federal policies which are often the main topics in a political education debate.One must ask why the federal government has most of the control over our educational system if it is primarily funded by state and local governments. Is it possible that different areas with different demographics might need a different policy than that mandate from federal level. Being successful is teaching the students in the best possible env ironment and demonstrating success through achievement. What works in one small town may not work in the next small or large town. Why, then, does the federal government upport equality by mandating yet not funding criteria. One thing does remain true- all of these do have a common census-equality in education for each student. The debate question that rises: â€Å"is equality for everyone possible? † Under President George W. Bush, No Child Left Behind was designed to â€Å"close achievement gaps, particularly for minority children† (League of Women, 2011). It was set that by year 2014, 95% of students would be meeting state standards in reading and math.Many educators, politicians, and citizens argued that this was an unrealistic goal which would in return be punishing or threatening the low-performing schools. Under this law, parents could be given a voucher to send their child to a different higher performing school. Although every educator had to obtain â€Å"hig hly qualified† status, teachers working at the schools deemed needing improvement often had negative feelings toward their job and thus the students suffered (League of Women Voters, 2011). Race to the Top was signed into law by the current President Barack Obama in 2009.This federal mandate came with promises of funding, and as everyone knows â€Å"money speaks volumes. † This approach would award funds to states who would meet the necessary requirements. Two of these requirements are (1) improve evaluations of teachers thus improving effectiveness based on students achievement (2) raising the limit of charter schools (League of Women Voters, 2011). Race to the Top has several supporters because it comes with necessary funding to move our current classrooms into the 21st century; however, it also comes with unrealistic research.Several argue that standardized testing is not a fair way to evaluate teacher performance. The most current federal request is the use of commo n vs. state standards The idea here is that not only will each child receive an equal education within their state, but they now will receive the same equal education within their country and hopefully one day within the nation. The use of common core standards allows children to master through higher order thinking within broad life skills instead of basic memorization of state specific standards.It opens up a new way of thinking for children and teachers. It also does create a more equal playing field as far as what children learn within their elementary and secondary education career. Most political debates in education often revolve around these federal policies, but even more often than that the main debate is: funding. Who is going to pay for education? The answer brings up the other highly political debate- us, the taxpayers. It is true that all three levels of government- federal, state, and local- contribute to education.States typically provide a little less than half, loc al governments about 44%, and the federal government only funds 10% . The interesting fact is that within the federal government’s10% it includes Title 1, NCLB, RttT, Special Education, child nutrition, and Head Start (Federal Education Budget, 2012). Also, overall the U. S. Department of Education accounts for less than 3% of the total federal budget (Federal Education Budget, 2012). As a nation, we must ask ourselves is the value of education really worth only 3% of the entire federal budget? Excellence is given symbolic prominence, but not sustained financial support† (Usdan, et al, 2001). The political debate is that most politicians will not support efforts to increase funding for education because it will raise taxes- something very few citizens support. However, if the federal government gives only 10%, the state of Tennessee is left with majority of the responsibility to fund education in order for it to succeed. States rely mainly on income and sales tax to fun d elementary and secondary education. It is the legislature who determines the level and distribution of the funding.Tennessee uses the Basic Education Program (BEP) in order to determine the cost specifications for each component in our system. In Tennessee, the share is roughly 70% which is average when compared with our country (Tennessee Basic Education Program, 2011). In some states it is as high as 86% and as low as 31%. The variation exists because some states rely heavily on local property taxes instead of state funding (Federal Education Budget, 2012). The last and probably one of the most political entities is that of the local school board. The funding for local schools is usually provided by property taxes.Thus the wealthier areas have the ability to collect more taxes which allows for them to keep tax rates lower. Unfortunately, the poorer communities may have higher tax rates but still not reach the needed funding for the local school district. Therefore often times ch ildren with the highest needs are often sent to the schools with less resources and less qualified teachers. This is why education can never be created equal for every child. Another political argument is that in present times education leadership in America is not withheld to high enough standards.Instead some argue that we have fifty â€Å"education governors† (Usdan, et al, 2001) or some even go as far as to say, â€Å"Governors and presidents are no better suited to run schools than they are to run construction sites† (Thomas, 2012). Truthfully, yes many governors could be doing a better job in education, but most are willing to fight for it. Most support the importance as honestly we must all agree that â€Å"what, after all, could be more important than a proper education for the state’s most precious asset, its children? † (Usdan, et al, 2001). This argument holds very true at the local level.It is correct to say that from the ladder of the preside nt to the governor to the superintendents of education to school board chairs and members: often some of these educational leaders have little to no background or expertise in education. From the federal to the state level, most appointed leaders in education branches bring the required knowledge. However, the local school board is composed of a diverse group of members with different backgrounds and knowledge. While they all bring unique characteristics and a broad base of knowledge, it is often the case that they do not bring an educational background.Education needs a reform in which it is driven by educators who have lived within the field. These are the people who need to be in charge of forming and implementing our country’s educational policy. Educational leadership is important at all levels including the local school board. For over 200 years, politics has played a part in our educational system. From the federal government all the way down to the local politics talk ed about in gas stations or at a high school football game. Politics and education will always be entwined together. Both are vital for the future of our nation as our future is in our children.As the vision for Tennessee states, â€Å"it is to prepare all Tennessee children for successful post-secondary work, education, and citizenship. † The state’s master plan is to â€Å"ensure equal access to the education constitutionally guaranteed to all Tennessee children† (Master Plan). Without politics, schools will not exist. Without schools, knowledge to become a successful, active citizen will not exist. Thus both politics and education will always hold a vital role. Resources: Brown v. Board of Education. (1954) Civil Rights Organization. Retrieved October 2012, from http://www. civilrights. rg/education/brown/ Department of Education. (2012) Mission Statement Retrieved October 2012 from http://www2. ed. gov/about/overview/mission/mission. html Dow, P. B. (1991). Schoolhouse politics: Lessons from the Sputnik era. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Farmer, T. (2012, January 12). Politics of Local Education. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx. org/content/m14432/1. 10/ Federal Education Budget Project. (September 13, 2012). Retrieved October 2012 from http://febp. newamerica. net/background-analysis/school-finance Federal Role in Education. (2012). U. S. Department of Education.Retrieved October 2012 from http://www2. ed. gov/about/overview/fed/role. html League of Women Voters of the United States. (October 2011). The Role of the Federal Government in Public Education Part Two. Washington D. C: Author. League of Women Voters of the United States. (2011). The History of Federal Government in Public Education: Where have we been and how did we get here? Washington D. C: Author. Master Plan (2008). Master Plan FY 2008-2012. State Board of Education. Retrieved October 2012, from http://www. state. tn. us/sbe/masterplan. htm Tennessee Basic Education Program. (October 2011).State Board of Education. Retrieved October 2012 from http://www. state. tn. us/sbe/BEP%20Booklet%20FY12. pdf Thomas, P. L. , (2012). Politics and Education Don’t Mix. The Atlantic. Retrieved October 2012 from http://www. theatlantic. com/national/print/2012/04/politics-and-education-dont-mix/256303/ Usdan, M. , McCloud, B. , Podmostko, M. , and Cuban, L. (2001). Leadership for Student Learning. School Leadership for the 21st Century Initiative A Report of the Task Force on State Leadership. Washington, D. C. Retrieved October 2012 from http://www. iel. org/programs/21st/reports/staterole. pdf

British Imperialism essays

British Imperialism essays The history of Asia in the 17th, 18th, and 19th century is centered around the great impact of European empires. Nations such as France, The Netherlands, and Britain significantly impacted many port cities in Asia. One nation, India, first lost many port cities such as Calcutta to the British and eventually the entire nation. There were many factors that led to this conquest of territories, including economic, social, and political factors. The most important factor leading to the conquest of territories in India were the political actions of both the Mughal empire, and Britain. India, before the presence of European nations was mainly ruled by the Mughal empire. They were centered in Delhi lying in the northern part of the country away from the ocean. For a significant portion of history the Mughals were one of the most powerful empires in all of Asia, but as will be shown, the Mughal political system was in serious decay when the British arrive. Many of these political problems directly led to the Britishs occupation of territories in India. One problem with the Mughal empire was its lack of control and regulation of its port cites. The Mughal Empire chose to focus its economy almost solely on agricultural production, worrying very little about the trading industry. With little control on the port cities before the arrival of the British, it was very easy for British companies to establish a small foothold with minimal interference from the Mughals. This lack of interference allowed the British to set up forts, and storage facilities, and develop the ports in to a British style trading system. C.A. Bayly, author of Imperial Meridian goes to great lengths to explain this agro-centered economy. He discusses how an implied contractual agreement between an intermediary and a ruler, helped to stimulate the growth of revenue farming . This increase in revenue farming, and thus an increase in profit convinced In...